van den Akker, f,g on behalf of the AMAN-MAMA investigators Key Messages n Performing effective maternal death reviews as part of the maternal death surveillance and response program has been hindered by challenges including poor attendance, defensive attitudes, and blame shifting. n Reviews of maternal and perinatal deaths should be based on a "no blame" principle. Emphasis should be on learning lessons and health professionals should feel safe to discuss the circumstances surrounding death. n Meaningful reduction in maternal mortality requires a depoliticizing paradigm shift, a professional body to address patients' worries, and clear medicolegal guidance to encourage providers to identify care deficiencies.

One of the controversial debates in environmental economics, which began in the 1980s, is the relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth. The study investigated the relationship between per capita carbon dioxide emissions and gross domestic product per capita in 63 countries over 51 years during 1960 to 2010. Using a graphical analysis approach, the results of this study showed that the relationship between per capita carbon dioxide emissions and gross domestic product per capita amongst the sample data followed a sigmoid curve indicating that the per capita carbon dioxide emissions of a country increased when its economy transitioned from a labor-intensive technology to a capital-intensive one caused by an increase in the rate of economic growth. The results also showed that the amount of relative emissions varied amongst the countries. The variability could be imputed to the following reasons: (i) the heterogeneity in the structure of the economies, and (ii) the disparity in the mode of production used in the countries’ manufacturing processes.

Background The reported number of COVID-19 patients increases on average along with the increased laboratory tests in Bangladesh implying a possibility of the spread of deadly coronavirus being out of control. Contrary to that, the government claims that it controls the spread of coronavirus through undertaking stringent policy measures. This different scenario leads this study on whether these measures have any positive impact on controlling the pandemic. Results The results show that simulated number of patients (without policy measures) surpassed the actual number of patients (with policy measures) from the first week of July 2020 which may provide a signal about the positive impact of policy measures taken by the government. Conclusion This study concludes that policy measures taken by the government are useful to some extent in controlling the coronavirus pandemic. As this pandemic lingers, people may lose their patience to stay at home. Consequently, some of the policies need further correction and change.

The universes' most complex structure is the human brain. To analyze its characteristics, many studies and experiments have been carried out in a proper and systematic manner. From these researches and experiments, scientists have learnt to communicate with computer using brain and hence, BCI has been developed. A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) provides a communication path between the human brain and the computer system. With the advancement of information technology and neuroscience, there has been a flow of interest in turning fiction into reality. This research investigated existing works of BCI with the purpose developing a system that allows physically challenged people to communicate with other persons and helps to interact with the external environments with the help of computers. Components like, comparison of invasive and non-invasive technologies to measure brain activity, evaluation of control signals (i.e. patterns of brain activity or brain waves that can be used for communication), development or improvement of algorithms for translation of brain signals into computer commands, specific frequency components like electroencephalography (EEG), artificial neural network (ANN) etc. are used to accomplish such a feat. With such, the developments of new BCI applications are emerging every day.

The aim of this study is to empirically investigate the causal relationship between global CO 2 emissions and six of their potentially contributing factors (i.e., economic growth, energy consumption, population, trade openness, financial development and corruption), by using a panel data collected from 65 countries during 1995 to 2013. We developed a dynamic model and used a four-step testing procedures (i.e., panel unit root tests, panel cointegration tests, long-run estimates, i.e. FMOLS estimates and a Granger causality test). The results showed that the most important factors driving global CO 2 emissions were economic growth, energy consumption, corruption and financial development. It is recommended that countries develop their own CO 2 reducing policies by JEMT, 25(4): 1-15, 2019; Article no.JEMT.53219 2 designing an appropriate combination/mix of policy tools, such as regulation, economic, voluntary and educational/ informational instruments to address their environmental pollution. Countries could consider all dimensions of well-being when they measure their economic development. Imposing pollution taxes on fossil fuel based energy supplies, developing emissions standards, strengthening anti-corruption strategies and educating people about the adverse effects of CO 2 emissions on the natural environment and human health are potential policy measures. Original Research Article

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