Objective To determine in fetuses with gastroschisis the association between intra-abdominal bowel dilation in the second trimester and neonatal bowel atresia. Methods

Our study indicates that in small thyroid nodules, quantitative analysis of tumor vascularity has benefits over visual inspection and can be useful in differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid tumors.

The proportion of DS pregnancies diagnosed in the antenatal period in western Sydney could be increased by ensuring younger women are not falsely reassured that DS screening is unnecessary for them. While religious affiliation may be a factor when women decline screening, ensuring appropriate counselling remains important.

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Instructions for use (IFUs) often are used as risk control measures for medical devices with the potential to expose users or others to use-related hazards and hazardous situations that are not entirely mitigated by device design. In the authors' extensive experience observing representative users interact with medical devices in simulated-use studies, individuals' engagement with medical device IFUs varies widely. This variance raises questions regarding how various user groups use IFUs and the factors that make an IFU stronger or weaker for its intended users, uses, and use environments. An online survey was conducted to examine (1) first-time use of medical device IFUs, (2) how first-time use strategies vary across typical user groups for medical devices (e.g., patients, lay caregivers, and healthcare professionals), and (3) which design elements promote initial engagement with IFUs. The results showed that IFUs are used in a variety of ways, including as preparation before use, as guides during use, and as troubleshooting resources during use, as well as that IFUs are not used at all. Overall, the user groups tested responded similarly across all of the survey questions. Bullet point organization, figures, and logical flow were reported to be the most engaging design elements. Small font size and poor organization and flow were reported to be the least engaging design elements. IFU designers can use various usability testing methods to assess their assumptions regarding how a product's users will use the IFU and to make the IFU more engaging.

Background Although prohibited by specific legislation in Australia, patterns of global migration underscore the importance for local clinicians to recognise and manage potential complications associated with female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). The incidence of antenatal depression in Australia is 10% and may be higher among those with a history of FGM/C (RANZCOG 2 statement: Perinatal Anxiety and Depression, 2012). The phenomenon of cultural embedding could represent a protective factor against an increase in mental health problems among these women. Aim To determine whether women who have undergone FGM/C are at greater risk of depression in the antenatal period as defined by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Materials and Methods A multicentre retrospective case‐control study was performed. Participants who had delivered at either of two hospitals, had migrated from FGM/C‐prevalent countries and who had undergone FGM/C were assessed and compared with the control group, case‐matched by language and religion. Results Eighty‐nine cases were included with an equal number of matched controls. No significant difference in the EPDS score was demonstrated when analysed as a continuous variable (P = 0.41) or as a categorical variable with a cut‐off score of 12 (P = 0.12). There was no difference in the number of women who identified as having thoughts of self‐harm between the two groups. Conclusion There was no identified increase in the risk of antenatal depression among women who have undergone FGM/C from high‐prevalence countries. Consideration must be given to the utility of the EPDS in this population, as well as factors such as cultural embedding.

Objectives: Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) is a rare developmental malformation of lower respiratory tract. During lung morphogenesis abnormal airway patterning and branching result in lung cysts. Incidence quoted is 1 per 25000 to 35000 live births. However, among all congenital cystic lung lesions CPAM accounts for 95% during prenatal screening at 18 to

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