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Nature-based solutions (NBS) are recognised as a means to address challenges such as heatwaves, flooding and biodiversity loss. Delivering these benefits at scale will require large areas of scarce urban land to be converted into green space. Here we show an approach by which cities can make substantial progress towards their sustainability targets using NBS, by converting redundant street parking into biodiverse green space. We demonstrate that up to half of street parking in our case study municipality (The City of Melbourne) could be accommodated in garages within 200 m, freeing up large areas for greening. Our modelling projects significant benefits in terms of tree canopy over, stormwater and ecological connectivity. These would represent strong progress towards a number of the city’s ambitious NBS targets. As many cities allocate extensive areas to both street parking and off-street garages, this approach to freeing up space for nature in cities is widely applicable.

Aims of clinical risk management Risk management may broadly be defined as the reduction of harm to an organisation, by identifying and, as far as possible, eliminating risk. The aims of clinical risk management are (a) to reduce the frequency of adverse events and harm to patients, (b) to reduce the chance of a claim being made, and (c) to control the cost of claims that are made. The primary focus is on malpractice, which causes financial losses but also affects the reputation and morale of a trust and its staff. Clinical risk management also involves the continuing care of the injured patients and swift settlement of justified claims. Proper analysis of risk management reporting systems and an audit of clinical complaints also offer invaluable opportunity to improve quality in a way which is securely focused on the welfare of the patient. Improvement of quality must be the highest priority, for only by this means can the exposure to litigation finally be eliminated. 1 Dickson G. Principles of risk management. Quality in Health Care 1995;4:75-9. 2 NHS Management Executive. Risk management in the NHS. London: Department of Health, 1993. 3 Lord Donaldson. Foreword. In: Clements RV, ed. Safe practice in obstetics and gynaecology: a medicolegal handbook. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1994. 4 Marsden B. Funding clinical negligence claims in prevention and control of clinical negligence. Clinician in

Infrastructure governance has emerged as a subject of critical interest in the current ‘infrastructure turn’ whereby fragmented governance approaches sit in tension with complex demands for infrastructure transformations within contexts of multiple intersecting crises. To understand the state of the literature and inform ongoing debates, a systematic review method is used to interrogate a large body of infrastructure governance literature across sectoral boundaries. This review identifies a range of literature gaps prevailing in the areas of infrastructure governance on unceded First Nations land, the societal end goals of infrastructure, and understandings and applications of integrated governance.

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