Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world. Although some studies have shown cardiac electrophysiological changes associated to glyphosate, the histopathological changes that this herbicide may cause in the cardiovascular system are not yet established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of subchronic oral and inhalation exposure to the glyphosate herbicide in rats. Eighty albino Wistar rats were distributed into eight groups (five males and five females/group): inhalation control: nebulization with sodium chloride solution (NaCl); oral control: nebulized feed with NaCl; low inhalation concentration: nebulization with 3.71 × 10−3 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g.a.i./ha) of glyphosate; low oral concentration: nebulized feed with 3.71 × 10−3 g.a.i./ha of glyphosate; medium inhalation concentration: nebulization with 6.19 × 10−3 g.a.i./ha of glyphosate; medium oral concentration: nebulized feed with 6.19 × 10−3 g.a.i./ha of glyphosate; high inhalation concentration: nebulization with 9.28 × 10−3 g.a.i./ha of glyphosate; and high oral concentration: nebulized feed with 9.28 × 10−3 g.a.i./ha of glyphosate. After 75 days of exposure, the animals were euthanized, and aortas and hearts were collected for histopathological analysis. Fatty streaks were observed in most animals exposed to glyphosate and were more prevalent in male rats, regardless of the route of exposure ( p < 0.05). There were no differences in the measurements of the thickness of the right and left ventricle or in the collagen density of both ventricles in any of the groups evaluated ( p > 0.05). Our study suggests that glyphosate has atherogenic potential, regardless of the concentration and route of exposure.
Schizophrenia is defined as a complex syndrome that challenges the medical clinic when presenting varied psychopathological manifestations. In this aspect, the main symptoms of schizophrenia appear insidiously during adolescence or adulthood and include anxiety, mental confusion, depressive mood, isolation, as well as hallucinations, delusions of thought, avolition, and psychotic outbreaks. The study aimed to establish an epidemiological profile in order to categorize risk for schizophrenic disorders in a population of a certain municipality of the West of São Paulo during the period 2013-2017. Thus, the following characteristics were defined as parameters: admissions by age group, by sex, by skin color and by character of care. Data were collected from the Hospital Information System (SIH / DATASUS). The results obtained traced as epidemiological profile of this municipality the white, adult population, female and with elective hospitalization. Finally, we conclude the need to conduct research in the area of mental disorders in Brazil.
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