Abstract. Purnobasuki H, Rakhashiwi GA, Junairiah, Wahyuni DK, Putra RE, Raffiudin R, Soessilohadi RCH. 2022. Morpho-anatomical characterization and DNA barcode of Cosmos caudatus Kunth. Biodiversitas 23: 4097-4108. Secondary metabolites in plants have various benefits, therefore their distribution in plant body parts is important to study. The identification process of plants should be conducted using several characters, including morphological and molecular data. This study aimed to identify and confirm Cosmos caudatus Kunth using morpho-anatomy characters and DNA barcodes. The plants used were three samples taken from the Husada Graha Famili Park, Surabaya. The morpho-anatomical investigation was carried out descriptively, while the DNA barcoding study was processed by amplifying and sequencing the rbcL and matK genes. Morphological studies indicate that the roots and stems of C. caudatus are similar to the organs of dicots shrubs in general. The leaves have a pinnate type with two different colors on each side of the leaf. Compound flowers are cup-type with two types of flowers, namely disc flowers and ray flowers. Based on anatomical observation, all vegetative organs have the same tissue as dicotyledonous plants. The anatomical characteristic of C. caudatus lies in its trichomes due to its anthocyanin content and stomata which are anomocytic and anisocytic types. DNA barcoding results showed that the three sample plants had identical similarities with several Cosmos genera contained in the GenBank database with percentage identities values ??above 98%, query covers 96-100%, and e-values ??of 0.
Population of Brown Plant Hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) and the Diversity of Its Natural Enemyin Highland Paddy Rice Field in the Village of Panyocokan, Ciwidey District, Bandung RegencyBrown lanthopper/BPH (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is a main pest of rice in the field. This researchwas aimed to study the population of BPH and the diversity of its natural enemy in highland paddyrice field. The survey was conducted in three paddy plots (15 m x 20 m) located in the village ofPanyocokan, Ciwidey District, Bandung Regency, West Java. The experiment was conducted in thegreenhouse of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, UniversitasPadjadjaran. The samples of insects were collected systematically using yellow trap and net trap,and visually observed in each rice cluster. The number of BPH were recorded and accumulatedeach week. Fecundity, life cycle, and sex ratio of the new generation of BPH were observed in 3replications by using 1 pair of WBC on each replication. The result showed that the population ofBPH in the highland was below 10, which means that BPH population was still below theeconomic threshold and control threshold. Temperature, humidity, and rainfall did notsignificantly affect the BPH population. This was indicated by the regression analysis of eachtemperature (Y = 0.557-8.167x; R2 = 0.039; P = 0.465), humidity (Y = -0.077+ 9.112x; R2 = 0.045; P =0.428), and rainfall (Y = -0.118 + 3.412x; R2 = 0.136; P = 0.159). Natural enemy diversity indextended to fluctuate widely from low to moderate. In the temperature range from 21.1°C to 34.8°C,BPH could produce 127-207 new generation during its lifetime. BPH needed an average of 37.66days to produce a new generation. The ratio of male to female was 1.06 : 1.Keywords: population, brown planthopper, diversity, predator, highland paddy rice field, Ciwidey,BandungABSTRAKHama wereng batang cklat/WBC (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) merupakan hama utama tanaman padi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari populasi WBC dan keragaman musuh alaminya padatanaman padi sawah di dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan eksperimen.Survei dilakukan pada 3 petak lahan percobaan berukuran 15 mx 20 m bertempat di DesaPanyocokan, Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung dan eksperimen dilakukan di rumah kacaDepartemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Metodepengambilan sampel dilakukan secara diagonal sistematis. Populasi WBC ditentukan denganmenggunakan perangkap kuning dan perangkap jaring dan dengan pengamatan langsung padarumpun padi. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan meletakkan sepasang WBC dalam wadah, lalu diamatikeperidian, siklus hidup, dan sex ratio keturunannya. WBC yang tertangkap dihitung jumlahnyadan diakumulasikan setiap minggunya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan populasi dilahan survey di bawah 10 ekor/rumpun yang artinya populasi WBC masih di bawah ambangekonomi atau ambang kendali. Suhu, kelembaban, dan curah hujan tidak memberikan pengaruhyang signifikan terhadap populasi WBC. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan analisis regresi masingmasingpada suhu (Y= 0,557 – 8,167x; R2 = 0,039; P= 0,465), kelembaban (Y = -0,077 + 9,112x; R2 =0,045; P = 0,428), dan curah hujan (Y = -0,118 + 3,412x; R2 = 0,136; P = 0,159). Indeks keragamanmusuh alami cenderung mengalami fluktuasi dari rendah sampai sedang. Pada kisaran suhu 21,1oC–34,8oC, hasil pengamatan keperidian menunjukkan WBC dapat menghasilkan 127-207 individubaru selama masa hidupnya. Pada pengamatan siklus hidup, WBC memerlukan rata-rata 37,66 harisampai menghasilkan generasi baru. Pengamatan sex ratio menunjukkan perbandingan (jantan :betina) 1,06 :1.Kata kunci: populasi, wereng batang coklat, keragaman, predator, sawah, dataran tinggi, Ciwidey,Bandung
Abstract. Suhri AGMI, Soesilohadi RCH, Agus A, Kahono S. 2021. The effects of introduction of the Sulawesi Endemic Stingless Bee Tetragonula cf. biroi from Sulawesi to Java on foraging behavior, natural enemies, and their productivity. Biodiversitas 22: 5624-5632. The existence of species in an environment has gone through a long adaptation process to the natural environment. This study aims to determine the behavior of bees, pollen types, natural enemies, and products of the Sulawesi endemic bee Tetragonula cf. biroi in its natural habitat and after being introduced to Java. This research was conducted in North Luwu and Bone District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, as the native habitat. Purworejo, Magelang, and Bantul District in Java as an introduction site. The observation of foraging behavior was recorded by scan sampling method; pollen identification using the acetolysis method. Natural enemies were observed directly and through interviews with beekeepers. The results showed significant differences in the number of T. cf. biroi that returned to the nest between native and introduced habitats (p value < 0.05). Pollen collected by T. cf. biroi in Sulawesi were more varied in type. The woody plants and tall trees dominate the types of pollen they collect in Sulawesi. The pollen collected in Java was dominated by ornamental plants, intentionally grown as feed. The attack of Small hive beetle and black soldier flies larvae caused the colony of T. cf. biroi to die and not produce honey optimally. Another problem is the T. cf. biroi nest is taken over by the local bee Tetragonula laeviceps.
Rice stem borer (RSB ) is a major pest for rice in Central Java in the past ten years as well as previous years . The presence of RSB occurs during the rice growing season with a high intensity , especially in the rainy season . RSB which is the main type, yellow RSB Scirpophaga incertulas Walker and white S. innonata. Walker . Other types are pink Sesamia inferens Walker , striped Chilo suppressalis Walker, headed black C. polychrysus Meyrick , and shiny C. auricilius Dudgeon. Organic farming in Central Java is still not widely applied so it is still very less information available, including information on the fluctuations in species diversity and population abundance of RSB. In this study examined the types and abundance fluctuations keenekaragaman RSB populations in rice field ecosystem organic and inorganic. Research will be conducted for one year (3 times transplanting rice) paddy ecosystems in organic and inorganic Bakalrejo Village, District Susukan, Semarang regency. The results showed that the dominant RSB is yellow S. incertulas. Yellow RSB found in every season paddy rice planting in both organic and inorganic rice. While the pink, shiny and white RSB, occasionally encountered. The RSB encountered seem to prefer the ecosystem tend rice paddy organic than inorganic . Keywords : rice stem borer ( RSB ) , organic rice ecosystem, inorganic rice ecosystem.
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