Population of brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is one of the major rice pest that is threatening rice production in Indramayu. Integrated pest management is needed to control the population of brown plant hopper (BPH). To construct effective strategy of Integrated Pest Management, a survey to obtain information about the population of BPH and the diversity of its natural enemies predator and parasitoid is required. The result of the survey showed that fluctuation of BPH population was evidence. BPH occurs from the 1st week of observation and the population was rising until the 5th week of observation and hence the population declined until the 12th week of observation. This population decline was caused by BPH’s live cycle followed the growth phase of rice plant. Correlation between climate factors and fluctuation of BPH population was not significant. Based on Shanon-Wiener diversity index analysis, the diversity of natural predators of BPH was medium with the value of H’ of 1,83 due to uniform field condition
Population of Brown Plant Hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) and the Diversity of Its Natural Enemyin Highland Paddy Rice Field in the Village of Panyocokan, Ciwidey District, Bandung RegencyBrown lanthopper/BPH (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is a main pest of rice in the field. This researchwas aimed to study the population of BPH and the diversity of its natural enemy in highland paddyrice field. The survey was conducted in three paddy plots (15 m x 20 m) located in the village ofPanyocokan, Ciwidey District, Bandung Regency, West Java. The experiment was conducted in thegreenhouse of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, UniversitasPadjadjaran. The samples of insects were collected systematically using yellow trap and net trap,and visually observed in each rice cluster. The number of BPH were recorded and accumulatedeach week. Fecundity, life cycle, and sex ratio of the new generation of BPH were observed in 3replications by using 1 pair of WBC on each replication. The result showed that the population ofBPH in the highland was below 10, which means that BPH population was still below theeconomic threshold and control threshold. Temperature, humidity, and rainfall did notsignificantly affect the BPH population. This was indicated by the regression analysis of eachtemperature (Y = 0.557-8.167x; R2 = 0.039; P = 0.465), humidity (Y = -0.077+ 9.112x; R2 = 0.045; P =0.428), and rainfall (Y = -0.118 + 3.412x; R2 = 0.136; P = 0.159). Natural enemy diversity indextended to fluctuate widely from low to moderate. In the temperature range from 21.1°C to 34.8°C,BPH could produce 127-207 new generation during its lifetime. BPH needed an average of 37.66days to produce a new generation. The ratio of male to female was 1.06 : 1.Keywords: population, brown planthopper, diversity, predator, highland paddy rice field, Ciwidey,BandungABSTRAKHama wereng batang cklat/WBC (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) merupakan hama utama tanaman padi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari populasi WBC dan keragaman musuh alaminya padatanaman padi sawah di dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan eksperimen.Survei dilakukan pada 3 petak lahan percobaan berukuran 15 mx 20 m bertempat di DesaPanyocokan, Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung dan eksperimen dilakukan di rumah kacaDepartemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Metodepengambilan sampel dilakukan secara diagonal sistematis. Populasi WBC ditentukan denganmenggunakan perangkap kuning dan perangkap jaring dan dengan pengamatan langsung padarumpun padi. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan meletakkan sepasang WBC dalam wadah, lalu diamatikeperidian, siklus hidup, dan sex ratio keturunannya. WBC yang tertangkap dihitung jumlahnyadan diakumulasikan setiap minggunya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan populasi dilahan survey di bawah 10 ekor/rumpun yang artinya populasi WBC masih di bawah ambangekonomi atau ambang kendali. Suhu, kelembaban, dan curah hujan tidak memberikan pengaruhyang signifikan terhadap populasi WBC. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan analisis regresi masingmasingpada suhu (Y= 0,557 – 8,167x; R2 = 0,039; P= 0,465), kelembaban (Y = -0,077 + 9,112x; R2 =0,045; P = 0,428), dan curah hujan (Y = -0,118 + 3,412x; R2 = 0,136; P = 0,159). Indeks keragamanmusuh alami cenderung mengalami fluktuasi dari rendah sampai sedang. Pada kisaran suhu 21,1oC–34,8oC, hasil pengamatan keperidian menunjukkan WBC dapat menghasilkan 127-207 individubaru selama masa hidupnya. Pada pengamatan siklus hidup, WBC memerlukan rata-rata 37,66 harisampai menghasilkan generasi baru. Pengamatan sex ratio menunjukkan perbandingan (jantan :betina) 1,06 :1.Kata kunci: populasi, wereng batang coklat, keragaman, predator, sawah, dataran tinggi, Ciwidey,Bandung
Kemampuan Indonesia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan beras nasional sangat penting. Akan tetapi, usaha pemenuhan kebutuhan beras ini tidak selamanya berjalan dengan lancar karena terganggunya produktivitas padi. Salah satu penyebab turunnya produktivitas padi di Indonesia karena adanya serangan serangga hama. Beberapa kendala yang menyebabkan gagalnya petani dalam mengendalikan serangga hama karena petani masih belum melakukan identifikasi serangga hama dan gejala serangan dengan baik. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan akhir tahun 2012 ini yang berlokasi di Lahan Persawahan Padi Dataran Tinggi Desa Sukawening, Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat bertujuan meng inventarisasi dan mendapatkan nilai keragaman jenis serangga hama pada tanaman padi. Penangkapan serangga hama yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkap kuning, perangkap jaring dan perangkap cahaya. Hasil penangkapan serangga diidentifikasi di laboratorium. Indeks keragaman serangga dianalisis dengan menggunakan perhitungan Shannon- Weinner. Serangga hama yang dominan diperoleh pada fase vegetative yaitu Scirpophaga incertulas, Thaia oryzivora, dan Orselia oryzae. Serangga hama minor diperoleh yaitu Dicladispa armigera, Leptispa pygmaea, dan Melanitis ledaismene. Serangga hama yang dominan diperoleh pada fase generative yaitu Leptocorisa acuta, Scirpophaga incertulas, dan Thaiaoryzivora. Serangga hama minor diperoleh yaitu Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, dan Cofana spectra. Indeks keragaman serangga hama yang diperoleh pada ketiga lahan percobaan ada diantara sedang hingga tinggi.Pada fase vegetatif indeks keragaman tertinggi sebesar 4,74 pada pengamatan ke 6 dan terendah pada pengamatan ke 1 sebesar 2,22. Pada fase generatif indeks keragaman tertinggi pada pengamatan ke 9 sebesar 4,86 dan terendah pada pengamatan ke 12 sebesar 1,37. Kata kunci :indeks keragaman, serangga hama, padi, Kabupaten Bandung.
Resistance is a decrease in the level of sensitivity of a pest populations that causing a previously effective pesticides becoming ineffective. This case is caused by inappropriate insecticides application, continuous use, only one type of pesticide and usage for long periods of time. There are a lot alternative source of insecticides which is more effective and environmentally friendly. One alternative source of insecticides that can be used for pest control is plants. This study aimed to determine the potential toxicity of methanol extract of N. tabacum, B. asiatica, V. zizanoides, A. indica, and T. vogelli on the mortality and development time of A. aegypti mosquito larvae. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor. The experiment was performed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatment and 4 replication. The result showed that methanol extracts of the test material were toxic to the larvae A. aegypti with the highest the lowest toxicity were at the concentration of 0.001% i.e treatment of T. vogelli, N. tabacum, B. asiatica, A. indica, and V. zizanoides with the successive rate of mortality (45%, 65%), (37.5%, 60%), (32.5%, 50%) and (32,5%, 47.5%). Besides being toxic, the methanol extract also influenced development of A. aegypti larvae. The pH levels and the dissolved oxygen content of the tested methanol extract solution at the concentration of 0.005% in each treatment are not much different when compare with controls.
The use of unwise insecticide to control urban pests cause many side effect such as insect resistance, resurgence, human healthy problem and many ecological negative impact. Therefore, needed to explore new sources of savety of insecticide to envronmental. One alternative source of insecticides that can be use for pest control is plants. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of methanolic extract of Nicotiana tabacum, Barringtonia asiatica, Vetiveria zizanioides, Azadirachta indica, and Teprhosia vogelli on the mortality and development time of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. The research was conducted at the
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