Abstract. The Black Sea coastal nowcasting and forecasting system was built within the framework of EU FP6 ECOOP (European COastalshelf sea OPerational observing and forecasting system) project for five regions: the south-western basin along the coasts of Bulgaria and Turkey, the northwestern shelf along the Romanian and Ukrainian coasts, coastal zone around of the Crimea peninsula, the northeastern Russian coastal zone and the coastal zone of Georgia. The system operates in the real-time mode during the ECOOP project and afterwards. The forecasts include temperature, salinity and current velocity fields. Ecosystem model operates in the off-line mode near the Crimea coast.
The work in volves as sess ing of the ma rine cur rent re gime in the north west of the Black Sea, Midia Cape-Constanta area. The area of in ter est is cho sen due its ex isting fea tures, us ing ma rine cur rents data (di rec tion and speed) within the CFD to de ter mine the dis tri bu tion of ve loc i ties and pres sures. The study on the dis tri bu tion of ve loc i ties and pres sures, ac cord ing to lo cal hy dro-me te o ro log i cal char ac ter is tic el e ments, can be used for iden ti fy ing the risk ar eas for nav i ga tion and ex ist ing hydro-tech ni cal con struc tion in dus try. Mod el ling re sults us ing the CFD anal y sis shows the cur rents ve loc ity val ues, pres sures and turbulences of the in ves ti gated ma rine re gion. The model can be used in the anal y sis and the coast line changes as well as in risk as sess ment for hy drau lic struc tures. Ad di tional pa ram e ters into the model, such as the sea wave char ac ter is tics, aim to pro vide an in di ca tion of the poten tial hy dro-dy namic power that is avail able at a de ter mined lo ca tion of in ter est.
The large number of isolated towers scattered in different spots of the hill on which the Dacian fortress at Blidaru was built intrigued the archaeologists right from the beginning of the excavations. In recent campaigns 4 of the 17 towers known until today were tested and some interesting construction details were observed. This paper presents an overview of the main results, a second one is meant to be soon published, dealing with the archaeology and history of the Blidaru fortress in the light of recent excavations. This first part comprises only a short presentation of the fortress itself, of the cisterns and of the temples found there during the excavations.
In this paper, satellite products developed during the Earth Observation for Science and Innovation in the Black Sea (EO4SIBS) ESA project are presented. Ocean colour, sea level anomaly and sea surface salinity datasets are produced for the last decade and validated with regional in-situ observations. New data processing is tested to appropriately tackle the Black Sea’s particular configuration and geophysical characteristics. For altimetry, the full rate (20Hz) altimeter measurements from Cryosat-2 and Sentinel-3A are processed to deliver a 5Hz along-track product. This product is combined with existing 1Hz product to produce gridded datasets for the sea level anomaly, mean dynamic topography, geostrophic currents. This new set of altimetry gridded products offers a better definition of the main Black Sea current, a more accurate reconstruction and characterization of eddies structure, in particular, in coastal areas, and improves the observable wavelength by a factor of 1.6. The EO4SIBS sea surface salinity from SMOS is the first satellite product for salinity in the Black Sea. Specific data treatments are applied to remedy the issue of land-sea and radio frequency interference contamination and to adapt the dielectric constant model to the low salinity and cold waters of the Black Sea. The quality of the SMOS products is assessed and shows a significant improvement from Level-2 to Level -3 and Level-4 products. Level-4 products accuracy is 0.4-0.6 psu, a comparable value to that in the Mediterranean Sea. On average SMOS sea surface salinity is lower than salinity measured by Argo floats, with a larger error in the eastern basin. The adequacy of SMOS SSS to reproduce the spatial characteristics of the Black Sea surface salinity and, in particular, plume patterns is analyzed. For ocean colour, chlorophyll-a, turbidity and suspended particulate materials are proposed using regional calibrated algorithms and satellite data provided by OLCI sensor onboard Sentinel-3 mission. The seasonal cycle of ocean colour products is described and a water classification scheme is proposed. The development of these three types of products has suffered from important in-situ data gaps that hinder a sound calibration of the algorithms and a proper assessment of the datasets quality. We propose recommendations for improving the in-situ observing system that will support the development of satellite products.
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