We studied the influence of weather on the etiology of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections in a hospital in Brazil during the years 2005-2010. Monthly average temperatures were positively associated with higher incidence of gram-negative bacilli as a whole, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacter species. The same groups presented seasonal behavior in stochastic models.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if temperature and humidity influenced the etiology of bloodstream infections in a hospital from 2005 to 2010.METHODS The study had a case-referent design. Individual cases of bloodstream infections caused by specific groups or pathogens were compared with several references. In the first analysis, average temperature and humidity values for the seven days preceding collection of blood cultures were compared with an overall “seven-days moving average” for the study period. The second analysis included only patients with bloodstream infections. Several logistic regression models were used to compare different pathogens and groups with respect to the immediate weather parameters, adjusting for demographics, time, and unit of admission.RESULTS Higher temperatures and humidity were related to the recovery of bacteria as a whole (versus fungi) and of gram-negative bacilli. In the multivariable models, temperature was positively associated with the recovery of gram-negative bacilli (OR = 1.14; 95%CI 1.10;1.19) or Acinetobacter baumannii (OR = 1.26; 95%CI 1.16;1.37), even after adjustment for demographic and admission data. An inverse association was identified for humidity.CONCLUSIONS The study documented the impact of temperature and humidity on the incidence and etiology of bloodstream infections. The results correspond with those from ecological studies, indicating a higher incidence of gram-negative bacilli during warm seasons. These findings should guide policies directed at preventing and controlling healthcare-associated infections.
Introduction: Recently, pathogen ecology has been recognized as an important epidemiological determinant of healthcareassociated infections (HAIs). Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important agents known to cause HAIs. It is widespread in healthcare settings and exhibits seasonal variations in incidence. Little is known about the impact of competition with other hospital pathogens on the incidence of A. baumannii infection. Methods: We conducted an ecological study, enrolling patients who presented with healthcare-associated bloodstream infections (HA-BSIs) from 2005 to 2010 at a 450-bed teaching hospital in Brazil. HA-BSIs were said to be present when bacteria or fungi were recovered from blood cultures collected at least three days after admission. Monthly incidence rates were calculated for all HA-BSIs (overall or caused by specifi c pathogens or groups of pathogens). Multivariate Poisson regression models were used to identify the impacts of the incidence of several pathogens on the incidence of A. baumannii. Results: The overall incidence rate of HA-BSI caused by A. baumannii was 2.5 per 10,000 patient-days. In the multivariate analysis, the incidence of HA-BSI caused by A. baumannii was negatively associated with the incidence rates of HA-BSI due to Staphylococcus aureus (rate ratio [RR]=0.88; 95% confi dence interval [CI]=0.80-0.97), Enterobacter spp. (RR=0.84; 95%CI=0.74-0.94) and a pool of less common gram-negative pathogens. Conclusions: Our results suggest that competition between pathogens infl uences the etiology of HA-BSIs. It would be benefi cial to take these fi ndings into account in infection control policies.
Introdução: A designação de saúde como “ausência de doença” sofreu uma alteração desde a criação da OMS, definindo-a como “o estado do mais completo bem-estar físico, mental e social e não apenas a ausência de enfermidade”. A partir da década de 70, houve a hipervalorização do atendimento terciário em saúde e do tecnocentrismo, evidente com o processo de hospitalização e da tecnologia de ponta. Apesar de todo o avanço alcançado, tem-se observado um movimento considerável em várias partes do mundo em relação ao ensino e utilização de terapêuticas relacionadas à Medicina Tradicional (MT) e às Práticas Contemplativas (PC). Objetivo:Descrever as perspectivas da MT e das PC na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (FMB), a partir da análise das ações que iniciaram a discussão sobre o tema. Metodologia: Análise descritiva e reflexiva dos fatos acadêmicos relacionados à MT e às PC que ocorreram na FMB. Resultados: Apesar do Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu oferecer gratuitamente, desde 2000, atendimento homeopático e acupuntura, tendo atendido mais de 7000 pacientes, os graduandos não tinham a oportunidade de acompanhar o serviço. As práticas existentes eram restritas aos ambulatórios e não havia disciplinas optativas ou matérias curriculares oferecidas aos estudantes.A partir da demanda foram formados grupos de estudo sobre Homeopatia, Medicina Antroposófica e Espiritualidade. A fim de prover uma acessibilidade maior ao tema, em 2011 foi criada a Liga da Medicina Integrativa e Complementar. No mesmo ano ocorreram ainda o “I Congresso Médico Acadêmico de Acupuntura e Homeopatia”, além de uma noite dedicada ao tema da Medicina Integrativa no 20° Congresso Médico Acadêmico de Botucatu. Conclusões:Incentivar o acesso ao conhecimento das abordagens que compõem a MT e as PC, não é apenas seguir uma tendência mundial, mas sim disponibilizar aos estudantes a possibilidade de um aprendizado que pode contribuir com a promoção do bem estar e da saúde integral do ser humano.
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