The study of the environment and geographical distribution of several species of the Cardueae tribe in middle and northern Iraq was the focus of the current investigation. The study involved doing a field survey of a several Iraqi districts to determine new areas where the Cardueae tribe species might spread. As well as, the flowering period of the examined species was identified. The findings demonstrate the studied species' spread in north, north-east, and western regions. The more widespread and tolerant of varied environmental conditions was the species Silybum marianum L., and the least prevalent of the studied species was Carduus getulus Pomel., whereas the other species were relatively common in the study area. Maps of the geographic distribution of all species under study were also created.
The study objective was to evaluate the effects of exposure Vicia faba to Wi-Fi waves on growth and molecular levels. The seeds of the Vicia faba plant were soaked for 48 hours, then the seeds were divided into five groups, four for treatments and one for the control group, phenotypic characteristics were recorded, while the molecular markers were evaluated using RAPD-PCR markers to detect the effect of waves on DNA sequence. Morphological study, the highest plant height recorded in treatment B that was 123.9 followed by C, D and E. As for the bean pod number, the treatment E was 13.6 that showed the highest number that followed by D, C and B. For the seed number, the highest was E 34.4 seed that followed by D, B and C treatments. The number of leaves in the plants, the highest was in treatment B that was 251 followed by C, D and E treatments respectively. The leaf measurements recorded, the highest leaf area was in the treatment E that was 3.2-6.1 followed by D, C and B treatments respectively. Most of the treatments were distinguished by unique bands and absent of all mutant bands (51), unique bands (33) and absent bands (18), the treatment E (60) day got a higher number of unique bands that were (12), and the treatment B (15) day have got (4) bands, while the absent bands the treatment D (45) day got a higher number of the absent bands that were (6), and the treatment B (15) day got (4) bands. There was a difference in the results between the morphological and molecular markers because of the difference in mutation frequency on the genome of their coding and noncoding DNA. The Wi-Fi waves induced mutations in the genome of Vicia faba L. and the mutations increased with the period of exposure of the plant to the Wi-Fi waves. The efficiency of the RAPD markers was high in detecting the producing mutation in the genome of Vicia faba L
The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts of aqueous and alcoholic extracts on Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar well diffusion method. The study enrolled 100 wound and pus patients. The results showed that 44 isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa that equivalent to 44% total isolates. The Hibiscus sabdariffa extract concentrations used are (10, 25, 50,75 and 100 mg/ml). The bacterial isolates identified after been growing on blood agar and purified on MacConkey Agar using many biochemical tests. The bacterial identification was confirmed using Vitek-2 compact system technique. The results showed that the aqueous extracts were more active than alcoholic extract and no inhibition at the concentrations (10, 25 and 50 mg/ml) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa for aqueous and alcoholic extracts, the inhibition zones were (11 and 13) mm at the concentrations (75 and 100) mg/ml respectively for aqueous extract, and (10 and 11) mm at the concentrations (75 and 100) mg/ml respectively for alcoholic. Sensitivity test was conducted for Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Vitec compact test. FTIR and GC/MS tests conducted for the plant extracts and the results detailed in the study.
Background: Prosopis fracta is a valuable and useful medicinal plant for the purpose of extracting flavonoids and it is one of the most important plants with medicinal properties. Prosopis fracta is found in many southern regions of Iran. Objective: the aim of this review Phytochemistry and biological activity of Prosopis fracta. Material and Methods: Initially, the powder was degreased by hexane and then after completion of the extraction process, we obtained a rotary solvent removal and the rest of the extract was frozen for retention, then it stored at -23°C. The freeze-dried samples are dissolved in methanol and permanently filtered through a 0.35 syringe filter. Results: Prosopis fracta extracts using to treat cancer, which destroying activity via mitochondrial changes, as showed a good example for increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, SIRT3 activity and cell death in HT-29 related to the intestines and rectum cancer cells. Conclusion: Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies provide valuable insight into understanding media. Sometimes the idea of the route responsible for the activity of these phytochemicals against oxidizing compounds that act as a source of harmful chemical to the body is removal from service of protein and loss of function.
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