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This study shows that significant number of women had osteopenia/osteoporosis within 35-40 years age group. Intensive information, education, and communication activities with regard to osteoporosis causative factors and preventive measures targeted to household women may play an important role, if started at young age.

The study highlights the gap in preferences and practices of contraceptive and emphasized the need to highlight safety of contraceptive during Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaign.

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Background: The hierarchies of Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) is largely based on the concept of the “3Rs”, namely reduces, reuse and recycle, and broadly relates to the sustainable practice of resources. The objectives of the study were to assess the Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) Management operating system in a multispecialty hospital and discuss the situation in terms of newly introduced BMW Rules 2016.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out by collecting data by means of independent surveys involving on-ground operating system of BMW management across different wards, outpatient departments, emergency departments, intensive care units and laboratories in the hospital.Results: The hospital was following Bio Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Draft rules, 2011 in the management of BMW. All the wastes were categorized into 8 categories as per 2011 draft rules. Efficient waste segregation, collection, storage, transport and waste treatment were followed as per norms with regular training of all health care workers under the close supervision and monitoring by dedicated BMW management committee. The hospital was registered for BMW management and renewal was being carried out every three years.Conclusions: It can be concluded that the hospital had an efficient and a well-organized BMW management system in place that was even conforming to the latest BMW Management Rules 2016 to some extent. Moreover, the hospital could upgrade the techniques of BMW management as per the newly introduced latest guidelines. As far as the categorization of BMW is concerned, it has to be changed accordingly to the new rules. Needless to say, a regular training and monitoring of BMW Management at all hospitals is the need of the hour and has a long way to go for environmental and human health.

Objectives: To access knowledge, attitude, and practices about dog bites and their management in the rural community of Maharashtra. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an identified rural community with a sample size of 279 using systematic random sampling data was collected using personal interview using pretested questionnaire and descriptive and inferential statistics was applied. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 42.8±7.5 years and the majority (68.8%) were male and 31.2% were female. 72.4% didn't have any pet dog and all (100.0%) have experienced a dog bite for themselves or anyone in the family in their lifetime. The majority (93.4%) have described rabies illness and 100% correctly know that the main animal of rabies in India is a dog and the correct mode of disease transmission. However, only 7.9% know the most common age group affected. The majority (59.1%) have heard about the anti-rabies vaccine. Awareness of anti-rabies vaccine varies in different groups based on their educational qualification and Pearson's chi-square value was statistically significant. Vaccination of pet dogs as a periodic activity to prevent rabies has been strongly disagreed by 22.2% of participants. 23.3% strongly agreed that stray dogs are a social nuisance. The majority 24.7% have disagreed with the implementation of the Animal Birth Control program. The relationship between the level of education and attitude towards native/traditional healers in preventing rabies after a dog bite was significant (p<0.05). It was also found that the following dog bite only 28.0% would like to wash the wound with soap and water following a dog bite. Conclusion: There exists a considerable gap in knowledge attitudes and practices about Dog bites and their management. Increasing the awareness, and changing the attitude and beliefs among the study population is the need of the hour, Accordingly Regular IEC activities to be planned at various centers Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, practices, Dog bite, Management

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