A field trial was conducted on sandy loam soil having low status of organic carbon and accessible nitrogen, medium in accessible phosphorous and high in accessible potassium at pot house of department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of C.S.A.U.A&T, Kanpur (campus) under Indo-Gangetic Plain zone of Uttar Pradesh, amid Rabi season of 2018-19. The experiment comprised of 5 treatment combinations in randomized block design with four replications consisted of T1: [Control], T2: [100% RDF], T3: [75% RDF + FYM at 6 t ha-1], T4: [50% RDF + FYM at 12 t ha-1], T5: [25% RDF + FYM at 18 t ha-1]. Wheat variety PBW-343 was grown with the recommended agronomic practices. On the premise of the comes about exuded from the present investigation, it might be concluded that application of 25% RDF + FYM at18 t ha-1 significantly recorded maximum nutrient content viz. N, P and K content in grain is 1.97%, 0.25% and 0.36% respectively and N,P, and K content in straw is 0.32%, 0.064% and 1.76% respectively. Maximum nutrient uptake viz. N, P and K uptake in grain is 86.58 %, 10.77% and 5.85% respectively and N, P, and K uptake in straw is 22.98%, 4.16% and 1.76 % respectively. Among the quality traits maximum protein content (11.78 %) was also associated with application of 25% RDF + FYM at 18 t ha-1. The present investigation clearly points out the significance of balanced use of nutrients including FYM in wheat for improving the nutrient content and uptake indices and quality of wheat crop.

The present field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at the Student's Instructional Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. The experiment comprised of 18 treatment combinations in Factorial randomized block deign with three replications. The result shown among the growth parameters the following assessed data: maximum plant height (48.56 cm) at 90 DAS, the number of nodules (31.27) at 60 DAS, dry weight of nodules (185.77 mg) at 60 DAS and the number of branches (18.12), similarly among yield attributes and yield viz. number of pod plant-1 (69.54), number of grains pod-1 (1.78), 100 grain weight (20.19 gm), grain yield (20.89 q ha-1) and stover yield (25.26 q ha-1) were recorded under T18 (P60+Zn2.5+ rhizobium) during the second year (2021-22) of experimentation. The application of phosphorous, zinc and rhizobium inoculation significantly increase growth, yield and yield attributes of chickpea during the both years of experiments. The present study shown that application of phosphorus, zinc and rhizobium inoculation along with recommended nitrogen and potassium could been an effective option for enhancing the chickpea growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of chickpea.

The field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-22, to study the   effect of combination of biofertilizer and different level of inorganic fertilizers on yield, quality, nutrient content & uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at pot culture farm of Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U.P.). The experiment comprises of eight treatments T1 (Control), T2 (RDF 75%), T3 (RDF 100%), T4 (RDF 125%), T5 (Rhizobium), T6 (RDF 75% + Rhizobium), T7 (RDF 100% + Rhizobium), T8 (RDF 125% + Rhizobium) in randomized block design with four replications. The chickpea variety RVG-202 is grown by adopting various agronomic practices. The result revealed that among all the treatments, RDF 125% + Rhizobium (T8) treatment recorded maximum yield, highest nutrient content in terms of % N(3.58 %), % P (1.34 %) and % K (0.69 %) in grain % N(2.38 %), % P (1.35 %) and % K (0.86 %) in stover. Highest nutrient uptake viz. N (65.69 kg ha-1), P (24.58 kg ha-1) and (12.66 kg ha-1) in grain and N (61.14 kg ha-1), P (8.99 kg ha-1) and (47.78 kg ha-1) stover is also associated with the treatment T8 [RDF 125% + Rhizobium]. It is clearly identified that seed inoculated with rhizobium can increase yield, nutrient content and uptake values of chickpea crop.

The present field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2017–18 at the Student's Instructional Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate the effect of different fertility levels and biofertilizers on growth parameters, root architecture and quality of late sown chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The experiment comprised of 12 treatment combinations in split plot design which comprised 4 treatments [F1 (control), F2 (RDF 100%), F3 (75% RDF), F4 (50% RDF)] in main plot and 3 treatments [B1 (Rhizobium + PSB), B2 (Rhizobium + PGPR) and B3 (Rhizobium + PSB + PGPR)] in sub plots with three replications. Results showed that among the different fertility levels, application of 100% RDF significantly enhanced growth parameters, root architecture and protein yield over the control. Among the different biofertilizers treatments application of Rhizobium + PSB + PGPR had significantly improved growth parameters, root architecture and protein yield as compared to Rhizobium + PGPR. The combined application of 100% RDF with Rhizobium + PSB + PGPR resulted in significantly higher growth parameters, root architecture and protein yield of late sown chickpea during winter (Rabi).

The study was carried out the Student’s instructional farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj) Ayodhya (U.P.) during the Rabi season in 2020-2021. The soil of the experimental area was sandy loam in texture. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 11 treatments replicated thrice. The experimental results revealed that significantly maximum growth parameter like plant height (18.01 cm 30 DAS, 27.97 cm 60 DAS & 40.38 cm at harvest) and yield attributes like Pods/Plant (44.0), Seeds/pod (1.6), Test Weight (20.12 g), total grain yield (14.65 qha-1) were noticed under T11 (Soil nutrient amendment as chemical fertilizers@ half potency (10N : 20P : 0K) +Organic Inputs-IV [Organic Inputs I (FYM + Jeevamrit) + Organic Inputs-III (Rhizobium + PSB)] as compared to rest of the treatments and lowest under T1 (Control), Maximum gross return ( Rs. 88795), net return ( Rs. 56312) and B:C ratio (1:1.73) was also recorded with the treatment T11 (Soil nutrient amendment as chemical fertilizers@ half potency (10N : 20P : 0K) +Organic Inputs-IV [Organic Inputs-I (FYM + Jeevamrit) + Organic Inputs-III (Rhizobium + PSB)].

An experiment was conducted at Students’ Instructional Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. The aim of the study to evaluate the different sources of nutrient on nutrient content of maize (Zea mays L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. On the basis of results emanated from present investigation it could be concluded that application of 100%RDN+25% N-VC+S+Zn+Az.+PSB significantly recorded maximum nutrient content in maize viz. N (1.58%), P (0.46%), K (0.56%) and S (0.25%) and Zn (24.20 mg kg-1) content in grain during first year and during second year nutrient content in maize grain is N (1.61%), P (0.50%), K (0.60%) and  S (0.29%) and Zn (24.26 mg kg-1)similarly maximum nutrient content in maize stover viz. N (0.71%), P (0.29%), K (1.28%) and S (0.26%) and Zn (41.50 mg kg-1) during first year and during second year nutrient content in maize stover is N (0.74%), P (0.32%), K (1.31%) and  S (0.30%) and Zn (41.55 mg kg-1). Similar, trend was also repeated during both of the years for succeeding wheat crop in terms of nutrient content in grain and straw of wheat. Application of 100%RDN+25% N-VC+S+Zn+Az.+PSB significantly recorded maximum nutrient content in wheat grain viz. N (1.94%), P (0.40%), K (0.64%) , S (0.30%) and Zn (42.21 mg kg-1) during first year and during second year nutrient content in wheat grain is N (1.98%), P (0.44%), K (0.68%), S (0.34%) and Zn (42.26 mg kg-1) similarly maximum nutrient content in wheat straw viz. N (0.63%), P (0.22%), K (1.38%), S (0.29%) and Zn (14.82 mg kg-1) during first year and during second year nutrient content in wheat straw is N (0.67%), P (0.25%), K (1.42%) and  S (0.33%) and Zn (14.87 mg kg-1).

The experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2017–18 at the Students' Instructional Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate the effect of different fertility levels and bio-fertilizers application on yield, yield attributes, and quality of late sown chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The experiment comprised of 12 treatment combinations in split plot design which comprised 4 treatments [F1 (control), F2 (RDF 100%), F3 (75% RDF), F4 (50% RDF)] in main plot and 3 treatments [B1 (Rhizobium + PSB), B2 (Rhizobium + PGPR) and B3 (Rhizobium + PSB + PGPR)] in sub plots with three replications. Results showed that among the different fertility levels, application of 100% RDF significantly enhanced yield and yield attributes over other treatment. Among the different bio-fertilizers treatments application of Rhizobium + PSB + PGPR had significantly improved yield attributes and seed yield as compared to Rhizobium + PGPR. The combined application of 100% RDF with Rhizobium + PSB + PGPR resulted in significantly higher seed yield of late sown chickpea during winter (Rabi). Higher values of economics viz., gross return, net return and B:C ratio in chickpea were observed with the application of 100% RDF + (Rhizobium + PSB + PGPR) treatments except cost of cultivation.

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2019-20 in sandy loam    soil of C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Nawabganj, Kanpur (U.P.).The experiment consisted nine treatments combinations comprised of three sowing date/ sowing temperature viz., sowing on November 10 with temperature 220C, November 20 with temperature 170C and November 30 with temperature 160C and three variety viz, KWR-108, KPG-59 and KGD-1168. Results revealed that sowing temperature 220C which occurred on November 10 in combination with variety KGD-1168 produced significantly higher growth parameters such as plant population, plant height, number of branches per plant, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate. It is also evident from data that variety KDG-1168 sown on November 10 has been associated with highest no. of pods plant-1, no. of seeds plant-1, no. of seeds pod-1, test weight, seed yield plant-1, seed yield (q ha-1) because fulfilment of optimum thermal requirement for various plant processes. High temperature during-reproductive stage adversely affected the number of pods plant,-1 number of seed pod-1 in late sowing (November 30) which ultimately resulted in the lowest seed yield. It can be elaborated from the results that variety KGD-1168 produces higher yield and benefit in the central plain zone of Uttar Pradesh.