Objective:To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adolescents attending school in the Jammu region, India.Materials and Methods:This is a cross-sectional study conducted between November 2009 and December 2010, among a total of 1160 school-going adolescents of both sexes aged 10-18 years. Relevant metabolic and anthropometric variables were analyzed and criteria suggested by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Third (NCEP-ATP III) modified forage was used to define metabolic syndrome.Results:The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.6%. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in males (3.84%) than in females (1.6%) and slightly higher in urban area (2.80%) than in rural area (2.52%), whereas prevalence of metabolic syndrome among centrally obese subjects was as high as 33.33%. High density lipoprotein cholesterol was the most common and high blood pressure was the least common constituent of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was most prevalent in 16-18 years age group (4.79%).Conclusion:This study demonstrates that metabolic syndrome phenotype exists in substantial number (up to 3%) of adolescent population in the Jammu region, India, and particularly 33% of obese adolescents are at risk to develop metabolic syndrome. These findings pose a serious threat to the current and future health of these young people.
Familial hypercholesterolema (FH) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder of lipid metabolism. We report a 3 years old female child who presented with multiple eruptive xanthomatosis of skin since 6 months of age and had deranged lipid profile consistent with FH.
Even under ideal circumstances, isolation rates of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M.Tb) from gastric lavage range from 28% to 40% in children with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis, although rates can rise to 75% in infants [1]. One year prospective study was undertaken in SMGS Hospital, Jammu to compare Induced Sputum (IS) with Gastric lavage (GL) for yield of M.Tb in children with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis.Children aged 6 months to 18 years admitted for chronic cough (more than 28 days) who could not expectorate and had one of the following: household contact (within past 2 years); failure to gain or loss of weight (in 3 months); Positive mantoux test (>10 mm); Chest radiography with pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy or nonresolving consolidation, were included in the study.Sixty-five children were initially included. Sixty children in whom successful sputum induction (SI) was possible took part in the study. They underwent GL and SI on three consecutive days according to a standard protocol [2].Children underwent morning GL after an overnight fast of at least 4 h. Gastric aspirate was immediately placed in a tube containing sodium carbonate. SI was undertaken after 2-3 h fast about 6 h after GL. Sputum was obtained by suctioning through nasopharynx after chest percussion.Samples were subjected to decontamination (Petroff's method) and centrifugation. Treated specimens were inoculated simultaneously on Lowenstein Jenson (LJ) medium and in Middlebrook 7 H9 media (MB7H9). Mycobacterial presence was confirmed by Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) on direct smears or culture media. Classification as M.Tb was made by typicality of colony morphology and a positive niacin test.The median age of children was 4 years. Samples from IS to GL were positive in 8 (13%) and 5 (8%) children, respectively. The difference between yields for M.Tb from AFB smears to cultures on IS and GL was statistically insignificant (p=0.99) using the χ 2 test. Zar HJ, et al. noted that SI was more sensitive than GL, detecting almost twice the number of children with pulmonary tuberculosis [3].
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