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Using data for all exporters, we show that it is a small group of firms that dominate exports in Spain. For example, in 2015 the top 200 firms were responsible for half of Spanish exports. This concentration has not changed substantially over the 1997-2015 period. The dominance of a few firms, a phenomenon denoted as granularity, also defines the specialization of Spanish exports. If top exporters disappeared, Spain would lose its revealed comparative advantage in 60% of industries, whichWe would like to thank Francisco Olarte for preparing the SABI data used in the empirical analyses and Jordi Paniagua for his valuable suggestions and comments. We would also like to thank the Customs and Excise Department of the Spanish Revenue Agency (AEAT) for providing essential information for this paper. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO ECO2015-68057-R and ECO2016-79650-P, co-financed with FEDER), the Basque Government Department of Education, Language Policy and Culture (IT885-16), and the Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo II-2014-053

Después de la Gran Recesión de 2008-2009, la evolución de las exportaciones españolas ha sido positiva. Algunos analistas atribuyen este comportamiento al incremento de la base exportadora. Para validar esta hipótesis, realizamos una descomposición del crecimiento de las exportaciones españolas por márgenes en el periodo 1997-2015. Los datos muestran que la contribución de la base exportadora ha disminuido paulatinamente durante todo el intervalo analizado, incluso en el periodo posterior a la Gran Recesión. Además, la evolución de la base exportadora se caracteriza por una caída paulatina tanto de la tasa de supervivencia de las empresas entrantes como del valor por transacción de las empresas nuevas en los mercados exteriores. Por último, el papel de la entrada neta sigue siendo importante en el crecimiento de las exportaciones a largo plazo; pero, la mayor parte de su contribución se concentra en un número reducido de empresas.

THE VARIATION OF EXPORT PRICES ACROSS AND WITHIN FIRMS (*) We thank Francisco Olarte for preparing the SABI data used in the empirical analyses. We are grateful to Michele Bernini, participants at the 19th Encuentro de Economía Aplicada and 20th Annual LACEA Conference for valuable comments and suggestions. We also thank the Department of Customs and Excise of the Spanish Tax Agency (AEAT) for providing the essential information for this paper. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO ECO2016-79650-P and ECO2015-68057-R, co-financed with FEDER) and the Basque Government Department of Education, Language Policy and Culture (IT885-16).