The spread of the Indo-Pacific lionfish has been one of the most rapid marine fish invasions in the history of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic, and populations of this species pose a threat to native fishes feeding at similar trophic levels due to competition for food. To determine dietary overlap, 899 lionfish and 377 native fishes of the families Haemulidae, Holocentridae, Serranidae and Lutjanidae were caught in three Cuban localities, and their stomach contents were analyzed based on the number of items, frequency, volume and index of relative importance. Diet composition was similar in the studied localities; Lutjanidae, Serranidae and lionfish mainly fed on fish while Haemulidae and Holocentridae primarily consumed small benthic invertebrates. Mantel correlations showed that the consumption of fish and crustaceans did not increase as lionfish increased in size. The degree of dietary overlap between lionfish and some native fishes depends on locality, ecological zone and the characteristics of each family, confirming the opportunistic nature of the invader. It is likely that native fishes are not affected by competition with lionfish for food because they feed on the mostabundant and available organisms; therefore, food availability is not a limiting factor for these groups.
The Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans is an invasive species that was first recorded in the Guanahacabibes National Park (GNP), a marine protected area in western Cuba, in 2009. In order to determine the invasion progression of this species, we studied lionfish abundance, size, and diet at 6 sites in the GNP between 2010 and 2014. The species' density, biomass, and length increased over this period, probably due to the abundance of food and shelter in the GNP. Analysis of stomach contents indicated that lionfish fed primarily on fish and crustaceans; main prey were teleosts, predominantly Gobiidae, Pomacentridae, Mullidae, Labridae, Scaridae, and Grammatidae. This example of a rapid increase in an unmanaged population at the onset of invasion provides information that can be used to design a management program targeting lionfish.
Los caballitos de mar son peces ornamentales de gran interés para las exhibiciones en el Acuario Nacional de Cuba, por lo que se propuso valorar el estado actual de las poblaciones naturales de las especies Hippocampus reidi (Ginsburg, 1933) e Hippocampus erectus (Perry, 1810) en diferentes zonas de la costa norte de las regiones occidental y central de la isla. Se llevaron a cabo censos visuales mediante buceo libre, utilizando el método de transectos lineales, entre marzo del 2007 y marzo del 2010. Para la comparación de medias se aplicaron las pruebas de Kruskal Wallis y U de Mann-Whitney. La mayor densidad se encontró en las estructuras artificiales de las estaciones de Barracuda y Caleta, probablemente debido a la gran cantidad de sitios de anclaje presentes y la eutrofización. No se reportaron diferencias en esta variable entre las épocas de lluvia y seca para ninguna de las dos especies. H. reidi fue la especie más abundante y la de mayor distribución. Aunque la densidad de individuos de hipocampos suele ser baja, es posible que la marcada escasez de ejemplares de H. erectus en este caso se deba al método de muestreo (profundidad máxima de 2 metros). Los machos de ambas especies fueron mayores que las hembras. H. reidi se reprodujo todo el año y la proporción sexual registrada fue muy similar a la proporción 1:1, mientras que en H. erectus esta variable fue diferente a la esperada. Las macroalgas del género Caulerpa fueron los sustratos más utilizados por ambas especies.
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