ABSTRACT:This research aimed to determine the optimal size of guava fruits to be bagged, and to evaluate the efficiency of different bagging at the control of fruits flies, as well as their correlation with the fruit quality. The work was conducted in a commercial guava orchard of Paluma variety at the municipality of Crato, in Cariri region, Ceará, Brazil, from October 2011 until April 2012. Popcorn bags, parchment paper bags, newspaper bags, micropierced plastic bags, TNT and the control were tested in four groups of fruits diameters: first group (2.0 to 3.0 cm), second group (3.1 to 4.0 cm), third group (4.1 to 5.0 cm) and fourth group (5.1 to 6.0 cm). Fruits were collected when they became mature and after each collect they were transferred to the Laboratory of Entomology of the Federal University of Cariri in order to evaluate the fruit flies attacks and the physicochemical parameters of the fruits. Bagging the guava is effective to avoid attacks from fruit flies, regardless of the type of bag used. Moreover, one can recommend bagging the guava with diameter less than 2 cm. Fruits were heavier, larger in length and with better Brix degrees when bagged in newspaper bags, with diameters ranging from 4.1 to 5.0 cm. On the other hand, to obtain fruits with larger diameters, one can recommend bagging the fruits with 5.1 to 6.0 cm in diameter. KEYWORDS: mechanical control; orchading; frugivorous flies;Psidium guajava. RESUMO: Com o objetivo de determinar o tamanho ideal dosfrutos para serem ensacados e avaliar a eficiência de diferentes ensacamentos no controle de moscas-das-frutas, bem como sua correlação com a qualidade das goiabas do Cariri cearense, realizou-se esta pesquisa no Crato, Ceará, no período de 13 de outubro de 2011 a 16 de abril de 2012 em um pomar comercial de goiaba da variedade Paluma. Foram avaliados sacos de pipoca, papel manteiga, jornal, plástico microperfurado, TNT e a testemunha; e quatro grupos de diâmetro dos frutos: 1º grupo (2,0 a 3,0 cm), 2º grupo (3,1 a 4,0 cm), 3º grupo (4,1 a 5,0 cm) e 4º grupo (5,1 a 6,0 cm). Os frutos foram colhidos à medida que atingiam a maturação e após cada colheita eram levados ao Laboratório de Entomologia da Universidade Federal do Cariri, Campus do Crato, para avaliar o ataque das moscas-das-frutas e os parâmetros físico-químicos dos frutos. O ensacamento dos frutos é eficiente no controle das moscas-das-frutas independente do tipo de saco utilizado, recomendando-se ensacar quando as goiabas estiverem com diâmetro igual ou inferior a 2,0 cm. O jornal favorece o aumento do peso, comprimento e ºBrix quando os frutos são ensacados com diâme-tros de 4,1 a 5,0 cm. Já para obter frutos com maiores diâmetros, recomenda-se ensacar com 5,1 a 6,0 cm de diâmetro. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: INTRODUÇÃOAs moscas-das-frutas (Anastrepha spp e Ceratitis capitata) são as principais pragas para os pomares de goiaba (Psidium guajava L.) (Manica et al., 2000). Suas larvas se alimentam da polpa do fruto, o que acarreta baixa produção, tornando-o impróprio para o consumo in natura e sem...
Com o objetivo de realizar um inventário da entomofauna dos ecossistemas da Área de Proteção Ambiental da Chapada do Araripe, localizada na região do Cariri cearense, (Arajara Park, Área Agrícola, Mata Úmida e Fragmento de Floresta), foi realizado um estudo utilizando bandejas d’água de cor amarela, visando a caracterização das famílias capturadas, no período de 03 de setembro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011 (estação seca) e 22 de março de 2011 a agosto de 2011 (estação chuvosa). A estação seca da Área de Proteção Ambiental da Chapada do Araripe favorece a maior ocorrência de famílias abundantes que a estação chuvosa devido à alteração da disponibilidade de condições e recursos, propiciando a coexistência de espécies generalistas. A ordem Coleoptera é a mais rica em famílias nas duas estações do ano tendo como papel ecológico os Crysomelidae como fitófagas e Nitidulidae como decompositoras de frutas. Os Diptera são numerosos na estação chuvosa atuando no sistema ecológico as moscas frugívoras (Drosophilidae), decompositoras de carcaças de animais (Muscidae) e predadoras (Dolychopodidae), enquanto que os Tipulidae e Chloropidae predominam na estação seca da mata úmida. Os Hemiptera da família Cicadellidae (cigarrinhas) ocorrem abundantemente na área agrícola e no fragmento de floresta por serem ecossistemas antropizados para a implantação de culturas agrícolas e pastagens. Na estação seca os Hymenoptera da família Formicidae (formigas) predominam e ocorrem em maior abundância em todos os ecossistemas por serem cosmopolitas e bem adaptados, além de apresentarem hábitos alimentares generalistas. A bandeja d’água amarela foi eficiente na captura de insetos edáficos, demonstrando nas avaliações das coletas uma considerável diversidade de famílias em todos os ecossistemas avaliados assim como nas estações seca e chuvosa, permitindo conhecer a entomofauna da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Araripe e fornecendo uma base de informações consolidada para estudos futuros.
Abstract:The Araripe Plateau is situated in the states of Ceará, Piauí and Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, in the Caatinga biome, semiarid domain. This region of Brazil is characterized by high temperatures and low rainfall. Nevertheless, due to its high elevation and large amount of orographic rainfall, the Araripe Plateau is an exception as a seasonal semi-deciduous forest with high humidity in the semiarid domain and the Caatinga biome. Herein a species list of Araripe Plateau arachnids is presented from the compilation of data from in situ sampling from January to May 2013, from the literature, and from Brazilian arachnid collections data. A total of 68 species were recorded for the area, of which 53 were spiders, eight harvestmen and seven scorpions. The species richness recorded here is considered significant regarding the known diversity of Arachnida in the semiarid region and contributes to expanding our knowledge of the area.
The semi-arid Caatinga is the fourth largest biome of Brazil, which biota still remains one of the most poorly known, especially with regard to invertebrate groups. In this study, a ground-foraging ant assemblage was surveyed during one year and the effect of rainfall on pitfall trapping was assessed. The study was performed in an area located in the municipality of Pentecoste (3º48' S-39º20' W), in the State of Ceará. A 200m transect with 20 equidistant sampling points was established. Transect sampling was performed once a month during 12 months, over the period August 2008-August 2009. At each sampling point, a pitfall trap partially filled with a mixture of ethanol and monoethylene glycol was placed at the beginning of each month and remained in the field for seven days. 39 species belonging to six subfamilies and 19 genera, plus two unidentified species, were collected, with Pheidole (10 spp.) and Camponotus (8 spp.) being the taxa with the most species. 23 species were frequent, being found in more than 50% of the 12 transect samplings. Five species had an intermediate frequency (25 to 50%), while 13 were relatively infrequent (less than 25%). Most of the species (22) showed low occurrence, being found in less than 10% of the 240 samples (20 samples each month, during 12 months). Only five species were collected in more than 50% of the samples, those species being also responsible for most of the total abundance (number of captured individuals of all species) observed each month. The speciesaccumulation curves (observed and estimated) indicated that sampling sufficiency was attained, and that about 92% of the estimated ground-foraging ant fauna had been collected. 40 and 29 species were collected in the dry and rainy season, respectively, with monthly species richness ranging from 13 to 28. The total ant abundance showed a drastic decrease during the rainy season, and a negative linear correlation was found between rainfall and total ant abundance (R 2 =0.68). A similar negative linear correlation was found for species occurrences against rainfall (R 2 =0.71), and for mean number of species per pitfall trap against rainfall (R 2 =0.71). However, some species showed equal abundance, occurrence and mean number of individuals per pitfall trap in both seasons, while others showed a much higher abundance and occurrence during the rainy season. Pitfall trapping as a method to sample ground-foraging ant assemblage of the Caatinga biome and potential factors responsible for lower pitfall trap performance during rainy season are discussed.
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