Aspergilli, a large and diverse genus of ubiquitous filamentous fungi are the source of diverse secondary metabolites that can be used in the development of medications to treat diseases. Butyrolactone I is produced as a secondary metabolite by A. terreus. Butyrolactone I is a potent inhibitor of the eukaryotic cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK's), protein kinases which control cell progression in all eukaryotes. Cyclin-dependent kinases are involved in numerous diseases in human beings like, cancer, stroke, diabetes, inflammation and AIDS. Butyrolactone I can become a life saving molecule in the above said diseases. In the present investigation the concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate sources and different fermentation conditions like temperature, media pH, agitation and incubation period were screened for their effect on the production of Butyrolactone I by two strains of A. terreus. The optimum nutrient concentrations and fermentation conditions for maximum production of Butyrolactone I were identified.
Dandruff, a very common scalp problem, is a persistent and relapsing disorder that affects almost half of the postpubertal population, irrespective of ethnicity and gender. It is caused by both microbial and non-microbial factors [1][2][3] and is characterised by an increased abnormal desquamation of the scalp, sub-clinical inflammatory reaction and itching. 4 The abnormal desquamation clinically appears as diffuse or localised patches of fine, loosely adherent white or grey flakes. 5 Scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a more severe manifestation of dandruff that is associated with severe itching, clinically visible erythema and inflammation. In addition to scalp, it can also affect face, retroauricular area and upper chest. The causative mechanisms for itching and flaking in dandruff and SD are not fully understood.Histamine is known for its role in allergic inflammatory and immune reactions. [6][7][8] Increased levels of histamine were found associated with dandruff, SD, itching and few other skin disorders such as dry skin and psoriasis. [9][10][11] Previous data suggest that histamine could be a major triggering factor of itching sensations frequently associated with dandruff/ SD. 1 In the skin, histamine is synthesized by mast cells (present in the dermis) and keratinocytes. 12,13 Several non-invasive techniques have been reported to measure histamine level on skin and scalp surface. 1,11,14,15
| QUE S TIONS ADDRE SS EDThe objectives of this study were 1) To implement non-invasive sampling and its analytical technique for quantifying histamine in
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