ABSTRAKSalmonella typhi merupakan batang gram negatif, yang tidak memiliki spora, dapat bergerak dengan flagel peritrich, bersifat intraseluler dan anerob. Penyakit yang paling umum terjadi karena bakteri Salmonella typhiadalah demam tifoid. Kamandrah (Croton tigliumL.) merupakan suatu tanaman yang berasal dari suku Euphorbiaceae dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri. Bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol biji Kamandrah (Croton tiglium L.) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella typhidengan metode difusi cakram Kirby-bauer. Penelitian ini merupakan true experiment designdengan rancangan penelitian Post test only control group design. Subjek penelitian menggunakan biakan bakteri Salmonella typhi.Penelitian ini menggunakan 7 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% dan kontrol positif Kloramfenikol 30µg serta kontrol negatif dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) sebagai kontrol negatif. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram Kirby-bauer. Analisis data menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallisdalam aplikasi SPSS. Hasil bahwa biji Kamandrah (Croton tigliumL.) tidak dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Salmonella typhidengan rata-rata zona hambat konsentrasi 20% (0,00 mm), 40% (0,00 mm), 60% (0,00 mm), 80% (0,00 mm), dan 100% (0,00 mm). kontrol positif (28,2 mm) serta kontrol negatif (0,00 mm). Uji Kruskal -Wallis(P= 0,000). Ekstrak etanol biji Kamandrah (Croton tigliumL.) tidak dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Salmonella typhidan tidak terdapat konsentrasi paling efektif ekstrak etanol biji Kamandrah (Croton tigliumL.) yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella typhi.
Background : Immunotherapy is widely used to increase the response rate of chemotherapy drugs. Eleuhterine palmifolia (L) Merr or dayak onion are known to contain phytochemical compounds that have antiproliferative effects, and have been used as anti-cancer empirical therapies. This study aimed to prove the antiproliferative effect of Eleuhterine palmifolia (L) Merr extract in Sprague-Dawley rats with breast cancer. Methods : This study used 18 Sprague-dawley rats, divided into 3 groups, K, P1 and P2. K was given regular feed, P1 received adriamycin 5 mg/kgBW single dose, P2 received adriamycin 5 mg/kgBW single dose and extract of dayak onion 105 mg/kgBW/day for 3 weeks. Results : Difference in tumor size before and after treatment was 7.2 ± 2.57 mm (K), 3.23 ± 3.03 mm (P1), 3.14 ± 2.65 mm (P2), with p value is 0,157 (p>0,05). Ki-67 index calculations are 11.1 ± 7.27% (K), 9.64 ± 6.99% (P1), 9.58 ± 3.52% (P2), with p value is 0,704 (p>0,05). Conclusion : The addition of Eleuhterine palmifolia (L) Merr (dayak onion) extract did not cause a significant difference in tumor cell proliferation in Sprague-Dawley rats with breast cancer.
Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. The Kenyah Dayak community in East Kalimantan often use kelakai leaf to treat fungal diseases. The plant contains tannins, flavonoids, steroids that have potential as antifungals. This study aimed to determine the antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract of Kelakai Leaf (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd). This research is a laboratory experimental research with post test only control group design. The research subjects used Candida albicans culture, with 7 treatment groups, namely ethanolic extract of kelakai leaf with concentrations of 5%, 15%, 25%, 35% 45%, as well as negative control DMSO and positive control used Fluconazole disc. Antifungal activity was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc method, based on the size of the clear zone that occurs. Data analysis using Oneway Anova parametric test. The result of this research is that the ethanolic extract of kelakai leaf can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans with an average inhibition zone of 5% (2.9 mm), 15% (5.4 mm), 25% (7.1 mm), 35% (7.7 mm), 45% (9.3mm). Oneway Anova statistical test results obtained p = 0.000. So it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of the leaf of Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd) have an antifungal activity against Candida albicans.
Latar Belakang : Menurut WHO sepertiga dari 25 juta kematian di seluruh dunia disebabkan oleh penyakit infeksi. Salah satu bakteri yang paling sering menyebabkan infeksi adalah Staphylococcus aureus. Tanaman herbal bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L) mengandung senyawa yang berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri, salah satunya adalah bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Tujuan: menganalisis efektifitas bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphyloccus aureus. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan sampell penelitian berupa jurnal nasional yang diperoleh 10 dari Google Cendikia, Garuda sedangkan jurnal internasional diperoleh 5 dari Google Scholar dan Science Direct. Hasil: Jurnal yang membahas mengenai efektifitas bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, ditemukan 15 jurnal yang menyatakan bahwa umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L.) memiliki kemampuan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Pada jurnal yang diteliti juga membahas mengenai faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap efektifitas bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri diantaranya adalah suhu dan lama penyimpanan ekstrak. Kesimpulan: bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L) memiliki efektifitas dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.
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