Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic dramatically impacted the energy sector. About 4.5% of global primary energy consumption dropped in 2020, where coal demand decreased by 220 million tons of coal equivalent. The drop was driven by lower electricity demand due to policies against Covid-19 (i.e., travel restriction, lockdown, and new standard). In particular, the COVID-19 crisis has already created profound uncertainties for the Indonesian coal mining industry as one of the world's largest coal producers and exporters. Coal is the primary energy source for Indonesian electricity, contributing to the national revenues. A debate about action to take, whether to focus on dealing with Covid-19 health or maintaining economic growth, is unavoidable. With the number of cases continuing to rise, we set out to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on Indonesia's coal mining industry. Rapid desk assessment and descriptive statistical approach were used in this study by evaluating secondary data during the pandemic, comparing with previous years before the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed a tangible transformation in coal demand, production, and price. Despite domestic coal consumption for power generation decreased, the coal price increased in mid of 2021 due to rising coal demand in China.
Stock investments in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic have a considerable risk. This happens because of the increasingly uncontrolled movement of stock prices. The potential for steep charts can occur at any time. Sentiment analysis of increasing daily cases of COVID-19 was analyzed to see how much effect it has on stock price movements. This research will analyze stock prices from coal commodities in Indonesia. Researchers choose to discuss coal commodities because, in April 2021, there was a significant increase and highest in November 2021. Because of the data, researchers want to see the influence of some coal companies using selling price data with moderating variables for estimating the stock price. There are 26 coal companies that are listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis will be a check on five companies that have the largest investors. The analysis is also carried out on coal sales price movements. Furthermore, five different coal mining companies were analyzed based on the rate of price changes to new selling prices with variable moderation in Indonesia. Increasing daily cases of COVID-19 being variable moderation. The method used for finding the relationship is a linear regression with a moderating variable. According to the analysis, the increasing daily case of COVID-19 as a moderating variable is enough to affect the relationship between the selling price of coal and the stock price of HRUM.JK and PTBA.JK. In stock price HRUM.JK, there is an increasing adjusted R square from 0.5254 to 0.5451. The same conditions apply to PTBA.JK has increased by 0.4040 to 0.4444.
Material properties is one of the most significant variables in terms of efficiency. The sediment layer in a coal pit mine has a possibility of sticking to the equipment bucket and reducing its productivity, especially in the disposal area. Consequently, stickiness has a close definition of adhesivity level; thus it may be associated with geomechanical properties. Various soil classification in the disposal area was investigated to identify the relationship between adhesivity and geomechanical properties such as water content, density, cohesion, and internal friction angles. Multivariate regression analysis and statistical test (F-test and t-test) were used to investigate geomechanical properties related to adhesivity on each disposal area. Primary data was taken from a standard and modified laboratory testing. The results showed that disposal materials were high-plasticity materials with different grain-sizes. The dominant grain size on disposal 1, 2, and 3 were clay, sand, and clay, respectively. Based on regression analysis, the adhesivity on each disposal was increased along with the water content until its optimum value. Using a statistical test with a significance level of 95% (P-value 0.04), water content, cohesion and internal friction angle affected the adhesivity level on disposal 1 by 99% (adjusted R 2 0.99). Adhesivity level in disposal 2 was only affected with density by 63% (adjusted R 2 0.63). Meanwhile, in disposal 3, the significance level of 33% (P-value 0.50) was used to define that water content, cohesion, and internal friction angle as parameters affecting adhesivity level by 33% (adjusted R 2 0.33).
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