-Coral reef is one of the best archives of a climate change. The reefs record the condition of environment where they developed. Indonesia as a tropical country has abundant coral reefs from Tertiary to Recent. The ancient reefs are commonly found along the coast and they form terraces. This research is located at the Selayar limestone of Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi. The objective of this research is to define paleoclimate change based on the coral development and sea level fluctuation. Sample collection was done by applying five intersect lines perpendicular to the cliff. Petrographic analyses of fossils, and microfacies study as well as the sea level fluctuation were analyzed by studying organism, reef development, and morphology. This article is focused on the sea level fluctuation analysis.There are three stages of the reef development and sea level fluctuation. It was initiated within a protected shallow marine to a reef front slope unconformably overlying siliciclastic rock. The second period of the reef development is characterized by the growing of branching, delicate, robust, and massive corals associating giant Tridacna sp. The third period is the formation of bafflestone delicate branching coral and robust branching corals. Following the Pleistocene reef development three beach abrasions (notches) were identified indicating the sea level fluctuation. Beach abrasions occurred during the Pleistocene reef development as the first notch. The second notch occurred at the reef crest and back reef during the first sea level fall and finally the recent sea level as the third notch.
At the location of the Pamukkulu dam, it has engineering geological characteristics that are less supportive of the construction above it, especially for the foundation of the dam. By taking data directly in the field and by laboratory testing, information is needed regarding the characterization of mineralogy and the engineering properties of rocks. Mineralogical analysis was performed with petrography and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) while the engineering properties of the rock were performed with Plate Bearing Tests (PBT), Standard Penetration Tests (SPT), and Rock Mass Rating (RMR). Based on mineralogical data, rocks have undergone weathering and converted the chemical-physical properties of minerals into porous, fine-grained minerals, forming mineral oxides as well as clay minerals. The carrying capacity of surface soils in the dam area based on the plate bearing test is relatively poor. As for subsurface rocks, the weight of the rock mass rating belongs to the class (II) Good to (III) Medium. Meanwhile, from the density value of hard soils, there are different depths from a depth of 1 meter to 6 meters. Weathering conditions of rocks affect the engineering value of soils and rocks where due to weathering minerals formed in the form of porous clay minerals, they are not well consolidated.
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