AbstrakDiabetes mellitus merupakan masalah utama kesehatan di dunia dan prevalensinya selalu meningkat. Pada dosis yang tepat kandungan nikotin dari ekstrak etanol daun tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum) memiliki efek hipoglikemik sehingga berpeluang sebagai terapi alternatif untuk diabetes mellitus. Namun, efeknya pada jaringan adipose penderita diabetes mellitus belum banyak diketahui. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun tembakau terhadap berat lemak visceral tikus model diabetes mellitus. Pada penelitian ini tikus galur Wistar dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (K-), kelompok tikus model diabetes mellitus (K+), dan tiga kelompok tikus diabetes melitus yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun tembakau 90 (P1), 180 (P2) dan 270 (P3) mg/kgBB/hari per oral selama 28 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan bermakna berat lemak pada semua kelompok tikus DM yang diberi ekstrak daun tembakau dibandingkan dengan tikus DM tanpa terapi maupun tikus normal (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah pemberian ekstrak etanol daun tembakau menurunkan berat lemak visceral pada tikus model DM. Penurunan berat lemak visceral kemungkinan disebabkan oleh kandungan nikotin dalam ekstrak yang dapat mengaktivasi lipolisis, menghambat lipogenesis, aktivasi thermogenesis, dan penurunan intake makan.Kata kunci: berat lemak visceral, diabetes mellitus, daun tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum). ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Nicotiana tabacum REDUCES THE VISCERAL WEIGHT OF TYPE TWO DIABETIC RATS AbstractDiabetes melllitusis the main health problem in the world and its prevalence is increasing dramatically. Tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum) containing nicotine could be used as an alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus at the right dose. However, its effect on adipose tissue of diabetes mellitus model has not established well. This study aim is to observe the effect of ethanol extract of tobacco leaf to the visceral weight of diabetic rats. Rats were divided into five group normal rats (K-), diabetic rats (K+) and diabetic rats receiving ethanol extract of tobacco leaf at dose 90 (P1), 80 (P2), and 270 (P3) mg/kgBW/day orally for 28 days. Rats were sacrificed and visceral fat was weighed afterward. As the result, visceral fat of diabetic rats was less than the normal rats and diabetic rats treated with ethanol extract of tobacco leaf shown to reduce visceral weight significantly compared to normal rats (p < 0.05). Visceral weight decrement was due to nicotine effect that could induce lipolysis, inhibit lipogenesis, thermogenesis activation, and reduce food intake. Further research is needed to explore Nicotiana tabacum as an alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of lung cancer. Endothelin-2 (ET-2) is expressed in the epithelium of alveoli, and its expression is increased in cancer. However, the role of ET-2 in lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological functions of ET-2 in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. We analyzed the expression of ET-2 mRNA in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with that in nontumor lung tissues using public online databases. The function of ET-2 in A549 cells was investigated using siRNA. ET-2 mRNA level was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and high ET-2 level was associated with poor overall survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. ET-2 silencing reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion, and enhanced apoptosis in A549 cells. Mechanistically, ET-2 silencing reduced the expression levels of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis and survivin, which are members of the inhibitor apoptosis protein family. In addition, silencing ET-2 inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which halted migration. Therefore, the specific targeting of ET-2 may be a potential treatment strategy for lung adenocarcinoma.
AbstrakDiabetes mellitus merupakan masalah utama kesehatan di dunia dan prevalensinya selalu meningkat. Pada dosis yang tepat kandungan nikotin dari ekstrak etanol daun tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum) memiliki efek hipoglikemik sehingga berpeluang sebagai terapi alternatif untuk diabetes mellitus. Namun, efeknya pada jaringan adipose penderita diabetes mellitus belum banyak diketahui. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun tembakau terhadap berat lemak visceral tikus model diabetes mellitus. Pada penelitian ini tikus galur Wistar dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (K-), kelompok tikus model diabetes mellitus (K+), dan tiga kelompok tikus diabetes melitus yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun tembakau 90 (P1), 180 (P2) dan 270 (P3) mg/kgBB/hari per oral selama 28 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan bermakna berat lemak pada semua kelompok tikus DM yang diberi ekstrak daun tembakau dibandingkan dengan tikus DM tanpa terapi maupun tikus normal (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah pemberian ekstrak etanol daun tembakau menurunkan berat lemak visceral pada tikus model DM. Penurunan berat lemak visceral kemungkinan disebabkan oleh kandungan nikotin dalam ekstrak yang dapat mengaktivasi lipolisis, menghambat lipogenesis, aktivasi thermogenesis, dan penurunan intake makan.Kata kunci: berat lemak visceral, diabetes mellitus, daun tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum). ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Nicotiana tabacum REDUCES THE VISCERAL WEIGHT OF TYPE TWO DIABETIC RATS AbstractDiabetes melllitusis the main health problem in the world and its prevalence is increasing dramatically. Tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum) containing nicotine could be used as an alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus at the right dose. However, its effect on adipose tissue of diabetes mellitus model has not established well. This study aim is to observe the effect of ethanol extract of tobacco leaf to the visceral weight of diabetic rats. Rats were divided into five group normal rats (K-), diabetic rats (K+) and diabetic rats receiving ethanol extract of tobacco leaf at dose 90 (P1), 80 (P2), and 270 (P3) mg/kgBW/day orally for 28 days. Rats were sacrificed and visceral fat was weighed afterward. As the result, visceral fat of diabetic rats was less than the normal rats and diabetic rats treated with ethanol extract of tobacco leaf shown to reduce visceral weight significantly compared to normal rats (p < 0.05). Visceral weight decrement was due to nicotine effect that could induce lipolysis, inhibit lipogenesis, thermogenesis activation, and reduce food intake. Further research is needed to explore Nicotiana tabacum as an alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus.
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