This study demonstrated feasibility of cryolipolysis for safe, effective, and well-tolerated nonsurgical treatment of pseudogynecomastia.

Introduction: Oral minoxidil is an antihypertensive vasodilator known to stimulate hair growth. The use of low-dose oral minoxidil for the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is receiving increasing attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral minoxidil for the treatment of male AGA. Methods: This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm study. Thirty men aged 24-59 years with AGA types III vertex to V were treated with oral minoxidil 5 mg once daily for 24 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated by hair counts, hair diameter measurements, photographic assessment, and self-administered questionnaire. The safety of the treatment was closely monitored by means of physical examinations and laboratory investigations. Results: There was a significant increase in total hair counts from baseline at weeks 12 (mean change ? 26, range 182.5-208.5 hairs/ cm 2) and 24 (mean change ? 35.1, range 182.5-217.6 hairs/cm 2) (both p = 0.007). Photographic assessment of the vertex area by an expert panel revealed 100% improvement (score [ ? 1), with 43% of patients showing excellent improvement (score ? 3, 71-100% increase). The frontal area also showed a significant response but less than that of the vertex area. Common side effects were hypertrichosis (93% of patients) and pedal edema (10%). No serious cardiovascular adverse events and abnormal laboratory findings were observed. Conclusion: Oral minoxidil 5 mg once daily effectively increased hair growth in our male patients with AGA and had a good safety profile in healthy subjects. However, oral minoxidil should be used carefully with men who have severe hypertension and increased risk for cardiovascular events.

Low-fluence 585 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment is safe and effective for the treatment of post-acne erythema with minimal discomfort and quantifiable improvement in the appearance of early acne scarring and inflammatory acne.

No abstract

BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment may encourage hair growth by promoting cellular maturation, differentiation, and proliferation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search combined with meta-analysis was used to calculate the overall standardized mean difference (SMD) in hair density in patients treated with PRP injections in comparison with baseline and placebo treatment. Chi squared analysis and Fisher exact test were used to investigate variation in protocols. RESULTS The overall SMD in hair density was 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35–0.80) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.23–0.80, p < .0004) in favor of PRP treatment when compared with baseline and placebo treatment, respectively. CONCLUSION Platelet-rich plasma is beneficial in the treatment of AGA. It is recommended that 3 monthly sessions of PRP (once monthly ×3 treatments) be used followed by a 3- to 6-month maintenance period.

individuals (11). TEWL has been found to be dependent on the skin surface temperature (12), and both rhythms are modified according to the environmental temperature. The circadian variations in these variables could be due to the rhythm of core body temperature and also to modifications in the degree of dilatation of subcutaneous vascular network. This agrees with the fact that the basal TEWL, in humans, reaches their highest levels around 3:00 h (13), corresponding to the peak in skin surface temperature. TEWL is useful to determine the state of the skin water barrier (14) and it correlates with percutaneous absorption (15). Thus, the knowledge of its circadian rhythm may be useful to deduce the moment of the day at which the barrier is less disrupted and determine the best time of day for testing topical drug delivery. Contrary to TEWL, SCH is a constituent property of the skin structure and thus is not easily modified by external factors such as temperature.Our results also indicate that skin variables depend on the integrity of the circadian pacemaker, because when animal became arrhythmic by exposure to constant light, TEWL and SCH were differently correlated with temperature, suggesting different regulations of both variables.As circadian rhythms may influence skin absorption or the manifestation of skin diseases (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, etc.), and SCH and TEWL alterations are associated with some skin disorders (16,17), the knowledge of their daily variation could be helpful for results interpretation. In humans, some circumstances may produce loss or attenuation of the circadian rhythms (elderly, jet-lag, shift work or light alterations), which could in turn influence sleep and skin functionality (18). Hairless rats could be a good model to study the skin functional rhythms in situations that generate disruption of circadian rhythms. AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the Ministerio de Educaci on y ciencia (BFU2008-00199). The authors thank Dr. A.del Pozo for lending the measuring apparatus. All authors designed the experiment and performed the research. AF, ADN and TC analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. Conflict of interestsThe authors state no conflict of interests. Supporting InformationAdditional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article: Data S1. Detailed methods and materials. Figure S1. Actogram of a representative animal along the experimental conditions. Figure S2. Daily profiles of the variables in the experimental days. Abstract: Of all the cytokines or growth factors that have been postulated to play a role in hair follicle, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is known to be regulated by androgens. However, how IGF-1 is altered in the balding scalp has not yet been investigated. In this study, expressions of IGF-1 and its binding proteins by dermal papilla (DP) cells obtained from balding versus nonbalding hair follicles were quantified using growth factor array. DP cells from balding scalp follicles were found to secrete significantly l...

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a distinctive lymphocytic scarring alopecia with rapid increase in prevalence. Most FFA series are retrospectively reported from Caucasians with only few from Asians. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical, trichoscopic and histopathological findings as well as treatment outcomes. This was a retro‐prospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with FFA from 1 January 2010 to 1 November 2019. All patients were asked to present for re‐examination. Clinical, trichoscopic, histopathological and laboratory data were recorded. A questionnaire was used to investigate hair care, hairstyle and facial skin care compared with age‐matched normal controls. Multivariate analysis was performed in order to clarify factors associated with severity. All 58 FFA patients were female, of whom 27.6% were premenopausal, 37.7% had a history of surgical menopause, 13.8% had thyroid diseases, 69% had eyebrow loss and 32.8% facial papules. On physical examination, 10.3% showed linear pattern, 46.6% diffuse pattern and 43.1% pseudo‐fringe sign. Concomitant lichen planopilaris was found in 25.9%, lichen planus pigmentosus in 24.1% and female pattern hair loss in 48.3%. The most common trichoscopic characteristics in the frontal hairline were lack of follicular ostia (91.4%), perifollicular scales (79.3%) and perifollicular erythema (63.8%). Up to 90% of patients reported FFA as improved or stable after receiving antiandrogen (finasteride or dutasteride) or antimalarial with topical treatment. Multivariate analyses revealed that facial lentiginous macules and trichoscopic perifollicular erythema at the frontal area were FFA severity‐associated factors. “Front puff” Thai hairstyle was associated with FFA, while sunscreens and other cosmetic products were not. In conclusion, diffuse and pseudo‐fringe sign pattern are common in Asian FFA. The most common autoimmune systemic comorbidity is thyroid disease, while common concomitant dermatological diseases are female pattern hair loss, lichen planopilaris and lichen planus pigmentosus. Antiandrogens or antimalarial plus topical treatment are the most useful therapy.

Improvements of DLE can be achieved with PDL.