COVID-19 has been distinguished as a zoonotic coronavirus, like SARS coronavirus and MERS coronavirus. Tehran metropolis, as the capital of Iran, has a high density of residents that experienced a high incidence and mortality rates which daily increase the number of death and cases. In this study, the IDW (Inverse Distance Weight), Hotspots, and GWR (Geography Weighted Regression) Model are used as methods for analyzing big data COVID-19 in Tehran. The results showed that the majority of patients and deaths were men, but the death rate was higher in women than in men; also was observed a direct relationship between the area of the houses, and the infected rate, to COVID-19. Also, the results showed a disproportionate distribution of patients in Tehran, although in the eastern regions the number of infected people is higher than in other districts; the eastern areas have a high population density as well as residential land use, and there is a high relationship between population density in residential districts and administrative-commercial and the number of COVID-19 cases in all regions. The outputs of local R 2 were interesting among patients and underlying disorders; the local R 2 between hypertension and neurological diseases was 0.91 and 0.79, respectively, which was higher than other disorders. The highest rates of local R 2 for diabetes and heart disease were 0.67 and 0.55, respectively. From this study, it can be concluded the restrictions must be considered especially, in areas densely populated for all people.

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Air pollution as one of the consequences of industrial development has been increasing with population growth, urbanization, private transportation, and fuel consumption in metropolitan areas. Tehran as the largest city of Iran has many problems regarding its geographical conditions, population growth, weakness of planning, and lack of environmental management. Considering the importance of air pollution, particularly PM2.5 pollutants, the present study assesses the environmental impacts of PM2.5 in Tehran metropolis using four-year consecutive data. the Inverse Distance Weighting model for interpolation, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model for measuring the relationship between key factors and PM2.5 pollutant concentration, and ANP-FUZZY model for environmental impact assessment were utilized. The principal source of PM2.5 emissions in the study area is related to the surrounding areas of Tehran such as sand and gravel mining, the closure of the chief part of the Tehran wind tunnel with high-raised buildings in the western region, dried wetlands, and open burning of solid wastes in the south of Tehran. Finally, four alternatives were introduced to assess PM2.5 impacts. The assessment results of the proposed alternatives using the FANP model, demonstrate the strict management in the surrounding neighborhoods of Tehran with 38% sensitivity is the best alternative.

Background: Physical and chemical factors of workplace, either alone or in combination, contribute to oxidative stress that is harmful to the body. The combined impact of physical and chemical components of the work environment on oxidative stress was examined in this research. Methods: Research articles published from 2000 to 2021 on this topic in reliable national and international databases were collected and analyzed. Based on the preliminary screening, 120 articles were selected for the first stage. The relevance and quality of 85 suitable papers were found appropriate and evaluated by examining the purpose of the study in the next phase. Results: The data collected and presented from the articles cover simultaneous exposure to physical risk factors such as noise, radiation, and chemicals such as metal solvents, as well as different types of oxidative stress parameters like MDA, GHS, LOP, 8-OHdG, SOD, CAT, ROS, and other parameters such as research site, co-exposure effects, and target organ. Investigating the combined effect of physical and chemical variables on oxidative stress in the target organs, as well as the interaction of multiple effects on each other, was one of the key goals of the articles (synergistic, reinforcing, additive or antagonistic). Conclusion: Most of the findings of theses researches generally highlight the synergistic impact of concurrent exposure to chemical and physical risk factors on oxidative stress.