A hybrid model of environmental impact assessment of PM2.5 concentration using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and geographical information system (GIS)—a case study

Abstract

Air pollution as one of the consequences of industrial development has been increasing with population growth, urbanization, private transportation, and fuel consumption in metropolitan areas. Tehran as the largest city of Iran has many problems regarding its geographical conditions, population growth, weakness of planning, and lack of environmental management. Considering the importance of air pollution, particularly PM2.5 pollutants, the present study assesses the environmental impacts of PM2.5 in Tehran metropolis using four-year consecutive data. the Inverse Distance Weighting model for interpolation, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model for measuring the relationship between key factors and PM2.5 pollutant concentration, and ANP-FUZZY model for environmental impact assessment were utilized. The principal source of PM2.5 emissions in the study area is related to the surrounding areas of Tehran such as sand and gravel mining, the closure of the chief part of the Tehran wind tunnel with high-raised buildings in the western region, dried wetlands, and open burning of solid wastes in the south of Tehran. Finally, four alternatives were introduced to assess PM2.5 impacts. The assessment results of the proposed alternatives using the FANP model, demonstrate the strict management in the surrounding neighborhoods of Tehran with 38% sensitivity is the best alternative.

Evaluation of the Transport Environmental Effects of an Urban Road Network in a Medium-Sized City in a Developing Country

“…Numerous research articles (Table 1) ha assessing the social and environmental effec house gas (GHG) emissions, air pollution, no 5 Klungboonkrong and Taylor [10] Singleton and Twiney [11] Borza et al [16] ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Chavez and Sheinbaum [26] ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Sustainability 2023, 15,16743 procedures used in this study. sents the findings and proposes…”

“…Taylor [10] Singleton and Twiney [11] Borza et al [16] ✓ ✓ Chavez and Sheinbaum [26] ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Sustainability 2023, 15,16743 procedures used in this s sents the findings and pr…”

“…Numerous research articles (Table 1) have previously adopted multiple criteria for assessing the social and environmental effects of road transportation, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, air pollution, noise pollution, and social effects. Sustainability 2023, 15,16743 procedures used in this study. Section 4 presents the results and analy sents the findings and proposes future research directions.…”

“…After defining the fuzzy max and min, the absolute numerical values of the fuzzy numbers can be efficiently determined. The left (µ L (i)) and right utility scores (µ R (i)) of such a fuzzy number (M i ) can be estimated by using Equations ( 14) and (15), respectively [22]. Given the left and right utility scores, Equation ( 16) can be used to estimate the total utility score (µ T (i)) of M i [22].…”

“…Keshavarz-Ghorabaee [14] conducted a study to evaluate initiatives aimed at reducing air emissions from transportation by using the Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis II (SWARA II) technique. Zarandi et al [15] utilized the fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) to evaluate the environmental implications of PM 2.5 concentrations in Tehran, Iran. Borza et al [16] utilized the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) to conduct a multi-criterion analysis of traffic pollution at various congested intersections in Sibiu, Romania.…”