Eco-linguistics is a thriving research field which integrates the language-environment nexus in an interdisciplinary array of dimensions. Nevertheless, the linguistic analysis of ecopoetics in Pakistani context is an underexplored domain of inquiry. The present research scrutinises the linguistic pattern of literary environmental text, which employs the poetic register to deal with the subject of the human-nature interface, and the construction of ecocritical framing within its specific context. The poem, The Arrival of Monsoon (1985) by Taufiq Rafat, is selected as it fulfills Buell (1995)'s criteria of 'Environmental Text'. The poem is analysed first in terms of processes and circumstances using Halliday's model of transitivity analysis and then employing Arran Stibbe's concept of ecological framing to unveil its system of meanings. The results demonstrate the foregrounding of material actions and events in the text. The selected poem's text has an explicit emphasis on the existence and characteristics of Nature in comparison to human beings and this is achieved categorically with circumstances of location. These circumstances of location hold significant cultural images and thus help in assigning the text its ecosensitive stance while locating it within a specific cultural context i.e., Pakistan. The dualistic frame of Nature being both invigorating and dominating is manifested in the poem. The study will be significant to emerging writers, teachers and students who want to explore the themes of human-nature interaction in their writings.
Literature documents and represents the experiences of human beings in the form of novels, poetry and dramas. These experiences can also be made visual in movies and other enactments. EFL practitioners employ literature to teach English. This study investigated the differences in the learning processes of EFL learners using texts and movies in the Pakistani context. Macbeth and A Passage to India were selected arbitrarily for this study. The data were collected through classroom observations and interviews from Lahore and NUML University Peshawar. The participants were divided into two groups of twenty. The control group used written texts of the literary works, whereas the experimental group was taught through movies of the novel and the play. The study’s findings revealed both positive and negative effects on the learners. The use of text resulted in better writing skills, correct spellings, and sentences but tended to show weak speaking skills with the local pronunciation of English words. On the other hand, watching movies improved the learners’ fluency and pronunciation, but they had spelling and sentence construction problems. Therefore, it is recommended that both written and visual forms of literary works be used concomitantly.
El inglés tiene el estatus de idioma internacional; necesita ser enseñado y aprendido con fines educativos y oficiales. La gramática se ocupa del inglés escrito y hablado. Los tiempos ocupan la posición más prominente entre el elemento gramatical o las categorías del idioma inglés. El tiempo en inglés es la pedagogía del idioma inglés, pero desafortunadamente, se ha adoptado un sistema de tiempos de enseñanza muy pobre y defectuoso en las escuelas y colegios pakistaníes. Aún así, la antigua y tradicional forma de enseñar los tiempos verbales está de moda, o en otras palabras, las reglas particulares del lenguaje se sustituyen por las reglas generales del lenguaje, con el resultado de que la mayoría de los estudiantes en estas escuelas y universidades no pueden expresarse en inglés.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.