The study was aimed at determining the ameliorative potential of quercetin and Zingiber officinale (ZO) against sodium arsenate‐induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Thirty adult animals were randomly allocated to five groups (n = 6). Group I served as control, groups II and IV were treated with ZO [300 mg/kg, PO (per os)/day], and group V animals were administered quercetin (50 mg/kg, PO/day) for 18 days. Groups III, IV, and V were injected with sodium arsenate (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally/day) for 4 days starting from day 15. The administration of sodium arsenate resulted in a significant decrease in total antioxidant status, total thiols, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and aryl esterase in brain tissue of the animals compared with the control group. In addition, a significant increase was observed in malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein product and plasma nitric oxide levels, indicating oxidative stress‐mediated neuronal damage. However, these arsenic‐induced alterations were significantly reversed by quercetin or ZO in the treatment groups, indicating their ameliorative potential. These positive effects were further confirmed by histopathological examination of brain tissue revealing the suppression of severe neuronal injury, spongiosis and gliosis in the samples pretreated with quercetin and ZO. Our results suggest that inclusion of ZO and quercetin‐rich foods in the diet can help in preventing the neurotoxic effects in areas with elevated levels of arsenic in food chain and ground water.
Simultaneous exposure of dimethoate (DM) and fluoride (F−) is a natural phenomenon which may insidiously impact functioning of various organs including kidney. Zingiber officinale (ZO) is harbours excellent natural antioxidant properties. Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to determine the potential of ZO in alleviating renal oxidative damage induced by DM and F− alone and by their concurrent exposure in Wistar rats. Subacute toxicity study was conducted on fifty four Wistar rats randomly allocated to nine groups with six rats in each. Following sub-acute exposure of either F− or DM a significant rise in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid along with a significant declined in plasma levels of reduced glutathione and nitric oxide occurred. Significantly declined total antioxidant status, total thiols, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, aryl esterase and acetylcholinesterase in renal tissue with increased levels of lipid and protein peroxidation were recorded alongside pathological alterations in renal tissue of toxicant exposed rats as compared to control. However, more severe changes were observed in levels of the above biomarkers and renal histoarchitecture on co-administration of both the toxicants indicating enhanced toxicity. Concurrent exposures of ZO extract along with either or both the toxicants led to significant restoration of activities of the antioxidant apparatus, biochemical profile of kidney and renal histology. Hence, repeated administration of ZO extract alongside individual as well as dual toxicant treatment caused amelioration of oxidative damage, renal biomarkers and histopathological alterations in renal tissue of Wistar rats.
This study aimed to determine the potential of quercetin and Zingiber officinale (ZO) Roscoe extract to alleviate the renal damage induced by dimethoate (DM) and fluoride (F-) alone and by their combined exposure in rats. A total of 54 adult Wistar rats were randomly allocated to nine groups (n = 6). A sub-lethal dose of DM (1/10th of the median lethal dose) was administered by oral gavage alone and along with F- (4.5 ppm, three-fold the permissible limit) in their drinking water continuously for 28 days. Chromatographical analysis revealed the presence of quercetin, curcumin, and other phytochemicals with strong antioxidant properties in ZO-rhizome extract. Severe changes were observed in the levels of the renal biomarkers and histoarchitecture after co-administration of the toxicants, indicating greater kidney damage. The administration of ZO extract (300 mg/kg) along with either or both toxicants led to a significant restoration of the biochemical markers and renal antioxidant profile and histology.
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