Amino acids U 0400 4-Hydroxyisoleucine: An Unusual Amino Acid as Antidyslipidemic and Antihyperglycemic Agent. -Hydroxyisoleucine (I) is isolated from the seeds of T. feonum-graecum and identified as mixture of isomers (2S):(2R) = 94:6. -(NARENDER*, T.; PURI, A.; SHWETA; KHALIQ, T.; SAXENA, R.; BHATIA, G.; CHANDRA, R.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16 (2006) 2, 293-296; Div. Med. Chem., Cent. Drug Res. Inst., Lucknow 226 001, India; Eng.) -H. Hoennerscheid 16-184
The enaminones, generated from derivatives of appropriately substituted Baylis-Hillman adducts of 3-isoxazolecarbaldehydes, undergo intramolecular ring-closure reactions to afford substituted 2-pyrrolidinones, 1,5-dihydro-2-pyrrolones, and N-substituted pyrrolidines in good yields.
Terminalia aquna (T. aduna) stem bark was successively extracted with petroleum ether (A), solvent ether (B), ethanol (C) and water (D). The lipid lowering activity of these four fractions A, B, C, and D was evaluated in vivo in two models viz., triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipemia in rats as well as fructose rich high fat diet (HFD) fed diabetic-dyslipidemic hamsters. Hyperlipidemia induced by triton caused marked increase in the plasma levels of total cholesterol (-Fc), triglyceride (Tg) and phospholipids (PL) in rats. After treatment with T. a~una fractions A, B, C, and D at the doses of 250 mg/kg per oral (p.o.), only the ethanolic fraction (C) exerted significant lipid lowering effect as assessed by reversal of plasma levels of Tc, Tg and PL in hyperlipidemic rats. In another experiment, feeding with HFD produced marked dyslipidemia as observed by increased levels of plasma Tc, Tg, glucose (Glu), glycerol (Gly) and free fatty acids (FFA) in hamsters. After treatment with T. arjuna fractions at the doses of 250 mg/kg p.o. only two fractions (B and C) could exert significant lowering in the plasma levels of lipids and Glu. in dyslipidemic hamsters. In vitro experiment T. arjuna fractions at tested concentrations (50-500 pg/ml) inhibited the oxidative degradation of lipids in human low density lipoprotein and rat liver microsomes induced by metal ions. These fractions when tested against generation of oxygen free radicals at the concentrations (50-500 iglml), counteracted the formation of superoxide anions (0 2) and hydrodyl radicals (OH) in non enzymic test systems. The efficacy of T. a~una fractions as antidysiipidemic and antioxidant agents was found, fraction C> fraction B> fraction A.
KEY WORDSAntidyslipidemic activity, antioxidant activity, Terminalia arjuna oxygen free radical, triton model, hamster model.
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