This article deals with the problem of energy saving and energy efficiency improvement in the construction sector, which consumes a significant share of the country's energy resources. Issues of rational use of energy resources with aspects of energy saving, energy efficiency and, accordingly, environmental problems are becoming more and more urgent, and their solution has become a strategic task for Kazakhstan. With the aim of catalyzing the energy-saving measures undertaken in Kazakhstan, a number of laws, subsidiary laws and programs related to the issues of rational use of energy resources and energy efficiency improvement have been adopted. Targeted activities are planned to eliminate existing political, legislative, technical and information thresholds in order to solve this problem. The regulatory and technical framework premised on the advanced achievements of construction science is being developed. The current legal and regulatory framework and technological infrastructure, as well as the existing practice, are being analyzed. In this context, actions are being taken to introduce new mandatory requirements for thermal indexes in building regulations and other changes in the energy efficiency of buildings; systems for assessing and labelling energy efficiency and their implementation are being developed. Voluntary standards for "green buildings" and incentive mechanisms for their application are also being developed, procedures for State architectural and construction supervision of compliance with building standards and other requirements for the construction of buildings are being improved, greenhouse gas accounting systems are being developed and implemented based on data from the energy consumption accounting system and energy passports.
One of the most important strategic objectives is to create a sustainable model for the development of the Kazakhstan economy, which is closely linked to the solution of energy saving and energy efficiency in the construction industry. The main principles of the energy efficiency strategy include integrated approach (efficient use of energy at all stages of the facility's life cycle for all types of energy resources, with legal support and organizational and technical control by the state) and systematic approach (the study of the process using general rather than partial approach). The article analyzes key problems and barriers that prevent the successful implementation of energy saving and energy efficiency policies. A significant role in the rational use of energy resources belongs to the regulatory framework. It was revealed that currently existing regulatory and technical documents in the country, unlike similar documents in EU countries, have a number of inaccuracies and disadvantages that do not allow for a full accounting of energy consumption. At present, there is practically no effective methodology for determining the energy efficiency of residential buildings and structures in Kazakhstan. In this regard, a methodology for determining the energy efficiency of buildings and structures, harmonized with EU requirements (taking into account energy consumption for heating, ventilation, high-temperature water supply, cooling and lighting) is currently being developed. The energy efficiency improvement of new, renovated and operated buildings will make it possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, thus contributing to solving both global environmental problems and energy and environmental security in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
To study the seismic properties of buildings in Almaty, a special test site operates. It includes buildings with conventional strip foundations with a system of cross belts and seismic support of 2 types. The landfill buildings were previously tested under static and dynamic influences. With the use of real accelerograms of earthquakes, a forecast of the behavior of a seismically isolated house on kinematic foundations under seismic influences has been carried out. The seismic impact is represented by a set of real accelerograms of strong, mainly Californian earthquakes. The hearts depths and magnitudes correspond to possible Almaty earthquakes. Two design schemes of a seismically isolated building are considered - single-mass and 10-mass dynamic building models. It is shown that the magnitudes of displacements in the kinematic foundations (KF) level obtained by two dynamic models usually differ within 5-10%. Therefore, the calculation of seismically isolated buildings can be applied to a single-mass non-linear dynamic model. A linear regression connection was obtained between the values of acceleration at the base and displacements at the level of the foundation. For the values of acceleration according to the new "Map of seismic zoning of the Republic of Kazakhstan" were obtained the predicted values of displacement at the level of the kinematic support of the order of 8.0-11.5 cm.
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