Resonant cavity antennas (RCAs) are suitable candidates to achieve high-directivity with a low-cost and easy fabrication process. The stable functionality of the RCAs over different frequency bands, as well as, their pattern reconfigurability make them an attractive antenna structure for the next generation wireless communication systems, i.e., fifth generation (5G). The variety of designs and analytical techniques regarding the main radiator and partially reflective surface (PRS) configurations allow dramatic progress and advances in the area of RCAs. Adding different functionalities in a single structure by using additional layers is another appealing feature of the RCA structures, which has opened the various fields of studies toward 5G applications. This paper reviews the recent advances on the RCAs along with the analytical methods, and various capabilities that make them suitable to be used in 5G communication systems. To discuss different capabilities of RCA structures, some applicable fields of studies are followed in different sections of this paper. To indicate different techniques in achieving various capabilities, some recent state-of-the-art designs are demonstrated and investigated. Since wideband high-gain antennas with different functionalities are highly required for the next generation of wireless communication, the main focus of this paper is to discuss primarily the antenna gain and bandwidth. Finally, a brief conclusion is drawn to have a quick overview of the content of this paper.
This study addresses the modelling of a dual band (28 and 38 GHz), circularly polarised slotted‐patch‐antenna for highly demanded millimetre wave multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO)‐systems in fifth generation (5G) networks. A computer‐aided‐design model is derived by means of an artificial neural network (ANN) which allows obtaining the physical dimensions of a single‐fed antenna, satisfying both near‐ and far‐field goals, without resorting to time‐consuming electromagnetic simulation. This mathematical model can be implemented in any CAD‐tool, as demonstrated within the framework of advanced design system. This allows, for the first time, to carry out optimisations of strategic importance for future 5G non‐linear‐radiating‐systems, especially operating at millimetre wave, directly addressing their far‐field behaviour. The model performance is validated by some examples and measurement results. A further important advantage of this approach is that the trained ANN‐model can be further adopted to fast, but accurately, investigate the complex relationships between antenna layout and its near‐field and far‐field performance, such as the resonance conditions and the polarisation behaviour. Indeed arbitrary orthogonal‐polarisations (LHCP/RHCP) have been achieved by the aid of the ANN‐model of the same topology. This result can be adopted to implement a combination of two independent radiation patterns for the antenna pair: this feature is attractive for MIMO applications. This is confirmed by measurements showing antenna‐coupling reduction with the MIMO‐array exploiting polarisation diversity.
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