Resonant Cavity Antennas for 5G Communication Systems: A Review

Abstract

<jats:p>Resonant cavity antennas (RCAs) are suitable candidates to achieve high-directivity with a low-cost and easy fabrication process. The stable functionality of the RCAs over different frequency bands, as well as, their pattern reconfigurability make them an attractive antenna structure for the next generation wireless communication systems, i.e., fifth generation (5G). The variety of designs and analytical techniques regarding the main radiator and partially reflective surface (PRS) configurations allow dramatic progress and advances in the area of RCAs. Adding different functionalities in a single structure by using additional layers is another appealing feature of the RCA structures, which has opened the various fields of studies toward 5G applications. This paper reviews the recent advances on the RCAs along with the analytical methods, and various capabilities that make them suitable to be used in 5G communication systems. To discuss different capabilities of RCA structures, some applicable fields of studies are followed in different sections of this paper. To indicate different techniques in achieving various capabilities, some recent state-of-the-art designs are demonstrated and investigated. Since wideband high-gain antennas with different functionalities are highly required for the next generation of wireless communication, the main focus of this paper is to discuss primarily the antenna gain and bandwidth. Finally, a brief conclusion is drawn to have a quick overview of the content of this paper.</jats:p>

Multifunctional Partially Reflective Surface for Smart Blocks

“…The height from the ground was set to 64 mm, which corresponded to approximately a half-wavelength; this distance provides the maximum directivity at 2.4 GHz. Based on analytical models, such as the transmission line model, the distance between the ground plane and the PRS is the distance which causes the phase sum of the reflected waves to become zero, which is about a half wavelength [ 16 , 20 ].…”

“…Research on PRS has been actively conducted in recent years, from the equivalent circuit model to the beam steering technique [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. However, there are few cases of designing PRS shape considering polarization.…”

mmWave High Gain Planar H-Shaped Shorted Ring Antenna Array

“…However, the required dimension is still large and the precise use of multiple via increases the difficulty in both fabrication and performance tuning. In addition, metasurface, cavity backed, cavity resonance antennas are considered for high gain array antenna [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], but they require a high profile or a large occupation of extra layers limiting the integration with beamforming ICs. Lastly, complementary dipole and slot array structure, and phased array quasi-Yagi antenna have been proposed [ 14 , 15 ], but the high profile and complicated coupling aperture feed network seems to be the bottleneck.…”

Broadband Dual-Polarized Loop Cross-Dipole Antenna for 5G Base Station Applications

“…The antenna can operate from 6.5 GHz to 10.1 GHz, and the gain of the antenna was 12.5 dBi. In addition, there was more about the application of resonant cavities in 5G communication systems in [26]. All things considered, it is a very meaningful research direction.…”