Abstract. The article reveals the relevance of tourism and recreation complex development for the economy of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The authors emphasize that tourism in the modern world is one of the most stable and fast growing sectors of the economy. The main types and forms of tourism and recreation in the region are identified with the purpose of increasing revenues from the tourism industry. Special attention is paid to the quantity and quality of recreational resources of the Republic. The article notes that the Karachay-Cherkess Republic has natural resources, mineral sources, scientific and production resources, cultural and historic resources. The authors give a brief description of some objects of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic attractive for tourism development, in particular the Nizhny Arkhyz historical and architectural complex, the special astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Sentinsky historical and architectural complex. The article examines the main characteristics of some investment projects "the Gum-Bashi", "Phia acid sources", "Abaza yard", the implementation of which will contribute to the development of the recreational potential of the region. The work studies the role of the state in regulating the tourism industry development. On the example of the state program, the authors demonstrate the basic target indicators of development of the industry in the near future, including the number of tourists, the number of fee-based tourist services, the number of workers employed in the tourism sector, the number of collective accommodation facilities, etc. In conclusion the authors point out the directions of support and stimulation of tourism business development in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic.
About 40% of Russian regions can be referred to old industrial ones and technological advantages of most of them are being lost due to scientific-and-technological advance as well as structural changes; and structural reforms in these regions are being slowed down due to the deficiency of financial resources and irrational planning. Today old industrial regions of Russia make up a significant heterogeneous group of regions which got their industrial specialization in 1930-1950s and include mostly rearguard industries of I−IV technological waves which predominance keeps them at the stage of industrial development. Many old industrial regions obtained features of territories of concern, depressive territories; and their space localization determined their specifics: the group of the central regions can be characterized by the lack of highly-qualified specialists, low rate of renovation of productive capacities as compared to the demands of local economy, decreasing number of population, aggravating environmental problems; while old industrial regions of the Volga region can be characterized by insufficient transport and energy infrastructure, high rate of fixed assets depreciation. Today neo or reindustrialization of old industrial regions aimed at restoration of the real sector dominating role should become one of the strategically important priorities of the state regional policy. The old industrial regions of 1-4 classes have perspectives of being developed as industrial territories for which can be applied either the strategy of new industrialization (1-2 classes) or the strategy of reindustrialization (3-4 classes) that can lead in a middle-term perspective to decreasing number of industrial regions. The real perspective of old industrial regions of 5-6 classes is deindustrialization, developing service sector.
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