About 40 % of the Russian regions are classified as old industrial ones, where due to a fragmentary character of the government regional policy in the 1990s, the main investment resources were concentrated in the enterprises of the old city forming industries that hindered the innovative development of these regions contrasted to their technological backwardness. That's why in the age when the industrial challenges emerge, the economic complexes of these regions are subject to risks, first of all, due to the threats and challenges connected with an intensive dynamics of the changes of exogenous and endogenous factors of the competitiveness of the production of basic industries. The economy of old industrial regions is apt to depressions together with the deficit of financial resources, inefficient reforms, absence of relevant plants of the reindustrialization. In this connection, a quick analysis of the beginning of stagnation and depression plays a very important role. We suggest and test the methodology of an express analysis of the condition of the economic complex based on the calculation of an integral indicator, which takes into account the main industrial coefficients (labour productivity, efficiency of use of the fixed assets, intensity of the renovation of machines and equipment, dynamics of the fixed assets renovation, share of the investments into the gross regional products, investments into fixed capital and budgetary efficiency of fixed assets use), which allows for quick identification of the beginning of the stagnation and reducing the time lag between the problem perception and the correction of the regional economic policy. The regions of the Southern Federal District have been used as the example of old industrial regions. In order to solve the problem of a depressive situation in a number of old industrial regions, an integrated State program for the efficient replacement in the old dominating industries of old enterprises by new modern plants within the national structural and industrial policy is indispensable. The leading role in their transformation is played with the modernization of the investment system, which fixes oan inertial scenario of the development, as well as its efficient replacement and efficient reindustrialization of the regional economic complex.
The fragmentary regional policy that was led in Russia in the 1990s of the XX th century had as its negative consequence the concentration of the main investment resources of the state by old industrial city forming industries. This fact later predetermined a contradictive structure of the industrial demand in the economy that constrained the innovative development of such regions. This fact "anchored" their technological underdevelopment. The author showed different approaches to the classification of old industrial regions of Russia. Their endogenous unevenness is prved. The common and specific features and attributes of these territories determined by the spatial localization are studied. The article underlines that the regional authorities of old industrial regions have as an economic basis an obsolete industry without offering other working places for people employed in it. The government very often has to postulate and implement its own quasi public industrial policy. Among other old industrial regions the Rostov region (oblast) (11 rank in the AV RCI rating, 2016) and the Volgograd region (oblast) (23 rank in the AV RCI rating, 2016) are part of the "Southern growth point". The examples of the a successful reindustrialization of enterprises of primary industries are found in the Volgograd region. The conclusion is made that for the solution of the problem of a depressive economic situation of a number of regions an integrated government program for an efficient replacement of the dominating old industries in the frame of the national structural and industrial policy is needed. The article emphasizes that the industry of old industrial regions of Russia hold the leading role in the process of the transfer to another technological level. The change of the regional specialization of such territories due to the creation of post industrial "medium zones" as "traps" of the innovative activity is possible as an eventual scenario of the renovation.
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