Abstract. Marzuki I, Kamaruddin M, Ahmad R. 2021. Identification of marine sponges-symbiotic bacteria and their application in degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Biodiversitas 22: 1481-1488. Diverse and abundant microbial species that occupy marine sponges may make important contributions to host metabolism. Sponges are filter feeders and devour microorganisms from the seawater around them. Each microbe that endures the sponges’ digestive and immune responses are related symbiotically. Marine sponges symbiont bacteria can comprise as much as 40% of sponge tissue volume, and these are known to exhibit a great potential on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation. However, the potential use of marine sponges symbiont bacteria is unexplored. Therefore, we designed and conducted a study to identify bacterial isolates obtained from sponges. For this, we collected sponges samples (Hyrtios erectus, Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti), Niphates sp., and Callyspongia sp.) from the Spermonde islands in Indonesia. We successfully found eight bacterial isolates from four sponges, as molecular identification based on 16S rRNA approach revealed bacterial isolates of SpAB1, SpAB2, SpBB1, SpDB1, and SpDB2 from three sponges (Hyrtios erectus, Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti), Niphates sp.). Interestingly, these were closely related to Pseudomonas, and a bacterial isolate from Callyspongia sp. (SpCB1) showed similarity to Bacillus. Bacillus and Pseudomonas bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated sponges exhibited degradation of naphthalene and pyrene PAHs.
Every petroleum-processing plant produces sewage sludge containing several types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The degradation of PAHs via physical, biological, and chemical methods is not yet efficient. Among biological methods, the use of marine sponge symbiont bacteria is considered an alternative and promising approach in the degradation of and reduction in PAHs. This study aimed to explore the potential performance of a consortium of sponge symbiont bacteria in degrading anthracene and pyrene. Three bacterial species (Bacillus pumilus strain GLB197, Pseudomonas stutzeri strain SLG510A3-8, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain SLCDA 976) were mixed to form the consortium. The interaction between the bacterial consortium suspension and PAH components was measured at 5 day intervals for 25 days. The biodegradation performance of bacteria on PAH samples was determined on the basis of five biodegradation parameters. The analysis results showed a decrease in the concentration of anthracene (21.89%) and pyrene (7.71%), equivalent to a ratio of 3:1, followed by a decrease in the abundance of anthracene (60.30%) and pyrene (27.52%), equivalent to a ratio of 2:1. The level of pyrene degradation was lower than that of the anthracene due to fact that pyrene is more toxic and has a more stable molecular structure, which hinders its metabolism by bacterial cells. The products from the biodegradation of the two PAHs are alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and a small proportion of aromatic hydrocarbon components.
A pilot study identifies concerns and strategies for successful performance of biological filters. The success of biological filtration depends on careful control and maintenance of the amount of biomass on the media during the maturation period and backwashing as well as during sudden changes in hydraulic loading. Various backwashing strategies and hydraulic transients were studied to determine how they affected filtration performance of biofilters in terms of effluent quality and head loss. Biological filters backwashed with a combination of air plus subfluidization water flow at collapse pulsing, followed by water wash with 25 percent bed expansion, can produce a water low in assimilable organic carbon (AOC). Compared with air‐scoured filters, water‐washed filters produced lower initial peaks during ripening and similar effluent AOC. Chlorinated backwash affects biological activity. Under the conditions of these experiments, chlorinated backwash produced higher AOC and nonpurgeable organic carbon in the filter effluent. A sudden 30 percent increase in hydraulic loading had a greater effect on biological filtration performance than on conventional filtration, accelerating filter breakthrough and causing poorer effluent quality.
The ASTM standard recommends that the 16 most common types of PAHs are found in petroleum processing activities, the chemical industry and marine loading ports. This research aims to identify and determine the distribution of PAHs contaminants at three sampling points of seawater around Paotere Port, Makassar, South Sulawesi, using the GC-MS instrument. Sampling point A is the center of Paotere Port activity, Point B with a radius of 3 km and point C with a radius of 6 km from the center of port activity. Sampling at each point was carry out at a depth of 100 cm above sea level. There are 10 PAHs identified at sampling point A and B, while at point C there are 8 components with relatively the same type of PAHs. The dominant PAHs components at each sampling point are relatively the same, namely at point A: Pyrene, Chrysene, Benz[a]pyrene and Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, point B: Pyrene, Chrysene and Benz(a)anthtracene, while at point C only Pyrene. The total concentration of PAHs at point A: 4,217±.106 ppm, medium polluted category, at point B: 2,124±.087 ppm, medium polluted category and at point C: 1,264±. 112 ppm, light polluted category.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.