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Background: Submandibular salivary glands are responsible for secretion of major amount of saliva which is important for normal oral environment of the oral cavity. Aim: to evaluate the effect of the Immunosuppressive drug Sirolimus on structure and immunohistochemistry of the submandibular salivary glands of the rats. Material and Methods Forty healthy adult male albino rats (body weight 150 -180 gram) were divided into two equal groups 20 animals each. Group 1 served as controls while group 2 were treated with the immunosuppressive drug sirolimus (rapamycin). Control group were subdivided into two subgroups subgroup 1.1: received ethanol and saline in comparable volume to group 2 and same route of administration while subgroup 1.2 were left untreated. After 3 months, rats were sacrificed and specimens of the right side of submandibular salivary glands were stained with H & E and Immunoperoxidase. While specimens of the left side were examined with transmission electron microscope. Results: Histologically, by H & E, both control subgroups showed normal structure of submandibular salivary gland. While, rats administrated sirolimus showed altered structure. Using TEM, the ultrastructural of submandibular salivary glands of both control subgroups showed normal architecture. While, sirolimus treatedgroup revealed degeneration in the glands acinar and ductal cells. Immunohistochemical findings showed normal staining reactivity of submandibular salivary gland of the control group while, sirolimus-treated group showed marked reduction in their staining reaction. Conclusion: Sirolimus administration cause structural and ultrastructural alterations in the parenchymal and stromal elements of the submandibular salivary gland that affect the salivary secretion and may lead to detrimental effect on oral health.

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Background: Silver has found to have many uses in the medical field due to its unique properties on the nanoscale, therefor the toxicity of nanosilver has become a hot topic and interesting area of research. Aim of the study:The study aimed to explore whether the silver nanoparticles (AgNPS) have a cytotoxic effect on the parotid gland of male albino rats. Materials and methods:The sample of study consisted of 30 adult male albino rats whose average body weight ranged from 250 to 300 grams and they were divided into two groups: Group 1 was consisted of 10 rats and served as controls, they received 0.5 ml deionized water per os using curved metallic oro-pharyngeal tube for 21 days. Group 2 was consisted of 20 rats, they received 10mg/kg b.w/day AgNP solution (in deionized water) with particle sizes ranging from 3 to 20 nm per os using curved metallic oro-pharyngeal tube (the recommended dose of each rat is 1.5-1.8 mg dissolved in 0.5 ml deionized water) for 21 days. The animals were observed for any body weight changes. The 30 rats were sacrificed after ending the experiment and dissection and separation were applied to their parotid salivary glands which were then fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Afterwards, they were processed, fixed in paraffin, separated and stained with: 1-Hematoxylin and Eosin for histological evaluation of the parenchymal and stromal elements of the glands to detect any histological changes. 2-Streptavidin-biotin immunohistochemical method for localization of Ki67 for detection of the proliferation of cells. Results:The study found that the serous acini swelled with abnormal architecture and illdefined outline. In addition, the study could not distinguish the lining cells of the serous acini. The serous acinar cells showed deeply stained, large hyperchromatic nuclei and mitotic cell division of the acinar cells. Focal oncocytic changes of acinar cells were observed. There was a dilation of the excretory ducts with wide lumen and they were vacuolated degenerated thick epithelial lining. As a result of the effect of the AgNPs, the connective tissue septa of the parotid glands widened and resulted in an in increase in the fibrosis with chronic inflammatory cells infiltration. Blood vessels showed dilatation and engorged with RBCs. In the lobes of parotid gland, the focal areas revealed (2254)

Objectives: Combining the anti-tumor effect of thymoquinone (TQ) with the efficient penetration of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into cells and nuclei as an attempt to treat the induced oral squamous cell carcinoma in buccal pouch of hamster. Materials and methods: This study was carried out on forty two male Syrian golden hamsters (n=42), its age ranged from 6 to 7 weeks, weighting 90-110 gm. Animals were housed with controlled temperature and were given pellets formed of seeds, grain, cracked corn and tap water ad libitum. The hamsters were divided into: Group A: (Control groups) n=24, Group A1: eighteen animals (n=18) were served as "negative control". Subgroup A1a: Six animals were sacrificed at day zero. Subgroup A1b: Six animals were sacrificed at 14th week. Subgroup A1c: Six animals were sacrificed at 20th week. Group A2: Six animals (n=6) were considered as "positive control". DMBA was painted to the left cheek pouches, three times /week for 14weeks. Group B: Eighteen animals (n=18) were painted with DMBA to left cheek pouches three times/week for 14weeks, and subdivided into: Subgroup B1: Six animals were injected intra-peritoneal with GNPs/3 times/week for six weeks. Subgroup B2: Six animals were injected intra-peritoneal with TQ/3 times/week for six weeks.Sub-group B3: Six animals were injected intra-peritoneal with GNPs-TQ/3 times/ week for six weeks. All pouches were extracted and prepared to examined through histological examination for any structural changes and immunohistological detection of COX2. Results: Improve superior anti-inflammatory role of TQ when loaded with GNPS in COX-2 retardation and tumor size regression. Conclusion: Thymoquinon loaded on nanogold particle showed protective role in the oral cancer.

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Objectives To comparatively evaluate the in vivo outcome of MTA repair for contaminated and non-contaminated furcation perforations (FP) with or without PRF and CGF as a matrix in dogs’ teeth. Methods Ninety dog teeth were divided into five groups based on the iatrogenic FP repair approach after doing root canal treatment: negative control (without FP), positive control (FP without repair), MTA, MTA + PRF and MTA + CGF groups, where FP were repaired promptly in subdivision 1 (n = 10; non-contaminated) and after 4 weeks of oral contamination in subdivision 2 (n = 10;contaminated). After 3 months, the perforation site was assessed radiographically (vertical bone density), histologically (inflammatory cell count, epithelial proliferation, cementum and bone deposition) and immunohistochemically (OPN and TRAP antibodies localisation). Data collected were statistically analysed using SPSS software at a 0.05 significance level. Results The MTA + PRF and MTA + CGF groups demonstrated significantly more bone formation, OPN immunolocalisation and fewer inflammatory cell counts than MTA group. MTA, MTA + PRF and MTA + CGF groups showed significantly favourable radiographic, histological and immunohistochemical healing features than the positive control, especially in non-contaminated subdivisions, that significantly showed better features than the contaminated subdivisions (P < 0.001). Conclusion The use CGF and PRF as a matrix beneath MTA in FP repair in dog’s teeth is promising as it could increase hard and soft tissue regeneration in non-contaminated and contaminated perforations. Clinical relevance The repair of FP is challenging especially when associated with contaminated inter-radicular bone loss. Radiographic, histological and immunohistochemical comprehensive evaluation of the root and surrounding attachment apparatus response to different perforation repair protocols could give a predictable clinical outcome.

Background: Cisplatin is one of mostly used chemotherapeutic drugs. Eventhough, cisplatin drawbacks limit its use. Acetyl L-Carnitine is a neuro-protective and anti-oxidant agents as well as it has anti-apoptotic properties.Aim of the study: this study was designed to evaluate the mechanism of Cisplatin to influence tissue in the pathway of apoptosis or the pathway of necrosis and the protective role of Acetyl-L-Carnitine against cytotoxicity induced by Cisplatin in the dental pulp.Material and methods: Total of 30 male albino rats (250-300 grams) were divided equally into three groups where saline was given to the control group (Group I), Cisplatin was injected into group II the (Cisplatin Group), and L-Carnitine was given to the Group III (L-Carnitine group + Cisplatin) before the injection of Cisplatin. After sacrificing the rats one week later, the extraction and preparation of their jaws were carried out in order to examine their dental pulp histologically histologically and immunohistochemically. Results:The light microscopic results showed degeneration in the dental pulp tissue of group II animals represented by cytoplasmic vacuolization, idiopathic calcification, hyaline and fatty degeneration. While group III showed normal dental pulp tissues with dilated blood vessels. Immunohistochemical examination showed significant differences in group II when compared to control group for both Bax (p=0.0002) and TNF-α (p=0.0029). No significant differences appeared in group III when compared to control group for both Bax and TNF-α. Significant differences were evident in comparison between group II and group III for both Bax (p=0.0015) and TNF-α (p=0.000001). Conclusion:Cisplatin has a devastating effect on dental pulp tissues via both the apoptosis and necrosis pathways. L-Carnitine had a protective effect against the cytotoxicity of Cisplatin.