Background Besides classical and electrical toothbrushes market offers tooth brushes that can be chewed, like chewing gums. The aim of this study was to show the effectiveness of chewable toothbrush versus a conventional brush in the students’ population. Methods The prospective study included 346 students. For this research, we used a e-questionnaire for “smart” phones, that students completed outside the dental office. Respondents are divided into two groups: control group used conventional toothbrushes, respondents from the tested group used chewable toothbrush. For assessment of accumulation of the plaque we used TQHI index. For testing statistical hypotheses, the following were used: t-test for two independent samples and analysis of the variance of repeated measurements. Results Before brushing teeth, the average TQHI value for chewable brushes is 2.8 ± 0.3, while conventional is 2.7 ± 0.3, which is not a statistically significant difference ( p = 0.448). After brushing teeth, the average TQHI value for chewable brushes is 2.0 ± 0.1, while conventional 2.0 ± 0.3, which is also not statistically significant ( p = 0.729). Observing the index of the plaque values on the tooth surfaces in the upper jaw, in both groups, there was a statistically significant change in the amount of plaque in time ( p < 0.001). There is a statistically significant interaction between groups and changes in the amount of plaque in the observed period ( p = 0.013). Conclusions The fact that there is no significant difference in the effectiveness of the tested brushes indicates the benefits of using chewable toothbrushes in order to reduce plaque, primarily in the inability to use conventional brushes.

Uvod: Karijes predstavlja najčešće oralno oboljenje u svim starosnim grupama. Sve češća pojava karijesa kod dece predškolskog i školskog uzrasta postaje jedan od najvažnijih problema oralne patologije. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se utvrdi učestalost karijesa kod školske dece uzrasta 12 i 15 godina na području severnog dela Kosova i Metohije, kao i informisanost dece o značaju oralnog zdravlja. Materijal i metode: Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 626 učenika, oba pola iz pet škola, koji žive na teritoriji opština Kosovska Mitrovica, Zvečan i Leposavić. Za procenu rasprostranjenosti karijesa korišćen je Klein-Palmerov sistem DMF (D-Decayed, M-Missing, F-filled) i odgovarajući indeksi: karijes indeks osoba, karijes indeks zuba, karijes indeks prosek i struktura KEP. Sva izabrana deca iz uzorka pregledana su standardnim stomatološkim dijagnostičkim sredstvima pri veštačkom osvetljenju na suvim zubima, na stomatološkoj stolici. Rezultati: Prosečna vrednost DMFT indeksa za decu uzrasta 12 i 15 godina iznosila je 4.2. Karijes je imalo prosečno 92.3% pregledane dece. Srednja vrednost karijes indeksa bila je 15.11%. Zaključak: Nakon ovih epidemioloških istraživanja zaključujemo da stanje zdravlja zuba ispitivane dece, s obzirom na visoke vrednosti nesaniranog karijesa ali i svih drugih obeležja KEP, nije zadovoljavajuće. Ovakvo stanje ukazuje na neophodnost primene savramenih preventivnih i profilaktičkih mera radi očuvanja i unapređenja oralnog zdravlja stanovništva.

Česta pojava karijesa i oboljenja parodoncijuma, pre svega gingivitisa, kod dece školskog uzrasta postaje jedan od najvažnijih problema oralne patologije, iako se mogu staviti pod kontrolu kroz zdravstveno vaspitanje i primenu preventivno-profilaktičkih mera. Cilj ovog rada je da se utvrdi učestalost karijesa i gingivitisa kod dece uzrasta od 12 godina koja pohađaju školu na području Kosovske Mitrovice, kao urbana sredina, i osnovnih škola u Gračanici i Lapljem Selu, kao ruralna sredina. Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 227 učenika, uzrasta 12 godina, podeljenih u dve grupe. Prvu grupu, njih 129, činila su deca iz osnovnih škola na području Kosovske Mitrovice, kao urbana sredina. Drugu, grupu, njih 98, predstavljala su deca iz osnovnih škola u Gračanici i Lapljem Selu, kao ruralna sredina. Za procenu rasprostranjenosti karijesa korišćen je Klein-Palmerov sistem DMF (D-Decayed, M-Missing, F-filled), a za procenu nivoa oralne higijene, stanja gingive i stepena njene inflamacije su korišćeni plak indeks po Silness-Löeu, gingivalni indeks po Löe-Silnessu i indeks krvarenja po Milemanu (Muhlemann). Prosečan broj obolelih stalnih zuba po jednom ispitaniku (KIp) ukupno za svu decu iznosio je 4.6. Prosečna vrednost KIp-a kod dece iz gradske sredine iznosila je 3.8, a kod dece iz ruralne sredine 5.3. Indeks SiC iznosio je 7.9. Prosečna vrednost plak indeksa iznosila je 1.53±0.61, gingivalnog indeksa 1.05±0.58 a indeksa krvarenja (IK) 0.64±0.59. Utvrđeno stanje zdravlja zuba i parodoncijuma kod ispitivane dece ukazuje na neophodnost primene savremenih preventivno-profilaktičkih mera sa ciljem poboljšanja zdravlja usta i zuba i povećanja motivacije za brigu o celokupnom sopstvenom zdravlju. Ključne reči: zdravlje; deca; karijes zuba; gingivitis.

We present a case of a severe anaphylactic reaction to diclofenac, administered as an intravenous infusion in a 45-year-old patient, during intravenous anesthesia for in vitro fertilization. During the preoperative clinical examination and obtaining of anamnestic data, the patient denied symptoms of allergies to medicines and other substances. The dominant clinical manifestations of anaphylactic reaction were: hypotension, tachycardia, angioedema, bronchospasm, and delayed awakening following anesthesia. No visible changes in the appearance of the skin, such as erythema or urticaria have been observed. Proper clinical observation and adequate intraoperative monitoring led to rapid diagnosis and significantly reduced the time interval from the onset of anaphylaxis to the beginning of treatment and reanimation procedures.

Concentration of the main chemical elements, primarily calcium and phosphorus, is significantly reduced in hypomineralized enamel whereas carbon concentration is increased compared to healthy enamel.

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Introduction/Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine if patient-related factors, such as length of stay in hospital, and preoperative usage of walking aids, and geometrical factors, measured with antero-posterior radiographs of hip, affect the risk of hip dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. Methods. A total of 36 of 433 (8.31%) patients with hip dislocation were identified in the institutional registry during the two years period. The data for patients with and without hip dislocation were matched and compared. Results Hip dislocation more often occurred in patients who had used the walking aids before the operation compared to the ones who had not (p < 0.001). Also, the difference in the number of HD was noticed between the patients who stayed longer in the hospital after THA (p < 0.001) The patients with higher acetabular inclination angle (p < 0.005) and height of greater trochanter (p < 0.001) on radiographs had been more prone to hip dislocation. In addition to this, the "safe-zone" was not identified in our study (p > 0.005) Conclusion. Several factors, which influence hip dislocation, were identified in this study: patients characteristics and radiograph characteristics. Both groups of factors require attention and monitoring in future studies.

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