Objetivando-se avaliar a porcentagem de emergência de plântulas e o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE) de sementes de longan (Dimocarpos longan Lour), o presente trabalho utilizou sementes obtidas de frutos maduros produzidos por plantas pertencentes ao Banco de Germoplasma do Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal- SP. Imediatamente após a extração, as sementes foram lavadas, secadas em papel jornal e semeadas em canteiros de areia. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos, caracterizados pelos tamanhos das sementes: grande, média e pequena, determinadas pela massa média de 50 sementes (em gramas), sendo: 89; 80 e 65g, respectivamente. Os dados de porcentagem de emergência de plântulas foram transformados em arc-sen raiz de x sobre 100. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Não foi observada diferença significativa para os parâmetros avaliados, sendo obtidos os valores de porcentagem de emergência de 97 a 91% e IVE de 0,651 a 0,680, demonstrando que, para a propagação sexuada desta espécie, o tamanho da semente não é fator a ser considerado.
RESUMO -O jambo-vermelho (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merryl et Perry), espécie pertencente à família Myrtaceae, possui frutos ricos em vitaminas, ferro e fósforo. Este trabalho teve por objetivos fornecer informações sobre aspectos morfológicos do fruto, semente e plântula e avaliar a influência do tamanho da semente na germinação dessa espécie. O fruto é uma baga piriforme, carnoso e indeiscente. O epicarpo é delgado, liso e avermelhado; o mesocarpo e o endocarpo são esbranquiçados e suculentos. Os frutos pesam, em média, 35,57g e medem 7,16cm de comprimento e 5,15cm de largura. As sementes são poliembriônicas e exalbuminosas, pesando, em média, 7,62g. Os cotilédones são maciços e esverdeados. A germinação é hipógea, e a emergência das plântulas inicia-se aos 36 dias após a semeadura. A raiz primária é longa e esbranquiçada. As raízes secundárias são curtas e filiformes. As sementes de maior tamanho são as mais vigorosas, não havendo diferença entre as de tamanho médio e pequeno. O estudo morfológico do jambo-vermelho pode ser utilizado para a identificação da espécie ou em relações ecológicas interespecíficas. Termos para indexação: Sysygium malaccense, vigor, geminação, tamanho de sementes. MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND INFLUENCE OF THE SEED SIZE IN THE GERMINATION OF WAX JAMBUABSTRACT -The fruits of wax jambu (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merryl et Perry), species belonging to the Myrtaceae family, is a source of vitamins, iron and phosphorus. This work aimed to supply information on morphological aspects of the fruit, seed and seedling and to evaluate the influence of the seed size in the germination of this species. The fruit is a pear-shaped bacca, juicy and undeiscent. The epicarp is thin, smooth and redish; the mesocarp and the endocarp are whitish and succulent. The fruits weigh, in average, 35,57g and measure 7,16cm in length and 5,15cm in width. The seeds are polyembrionic and unalbuminous, weighing, in average, 7,62g. The cotyledons are massive and greenish. The germination is hypogeal and the emergency of the seedlings starts at 36 days after the sowing. The primary root is long and whitish. The secondary roots are short and filiform. The large seeds are most vigorous and it doesn't have difference between the seeds of medium and small size. The morphological study of the wax jambu may be used to the identification of the species or in interespecifics ecologics relations.
Candida auris is a recently found Candida species, mainly associated with nosocomial outbreaks in intensive care hospital settings, and unlike other Candida species, it can be transmitted through person-to-person or by contact with surfaces. C. auris is described as resistant to first-line antifungals and, consequently, associated with high mortality. Nowadays, essential oils (EOs) are known to be effective against fungal and bacterial infections. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of four EOs (tea tree, niaouli, white thyme and cajeput) against C. auris. The EO’s effect on C. auris planktonic growth was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration determination and by the agar disc diffusion method. Then, the same effect was evaluated on biofilm by colony-forming units’ enumeration. The results showed that EOs were able to inhibit the C. auris planktonic growth, with an MIC50 between 0.78 and 1.56% and halos of 20–21 mm for white thyme and tea tree and 13–14 mm for cajeput and niaouli. In addition, the EOs were also able to completely inhibit biofilm formation. Moreover, white thyme and cajeput completely eradicate pre-formed biofilms, while tea tree and niaouli significantly reduce it. Thus, this work demonstrates that EOs are a possible therapeutic alternative and a future perspective for the hard fight against C. auris.
Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a disease with high incidence, a huge impact on the quality of life and health of women, and which represents a great challenge to treat. The growing need to apply antifungal intensive therapies have contributed to an emergence of drug-resistant Candida strains. Thus, effective therapeutic options, to meet the antifungal-resistance challenge and to control high resilient biofilms, are urgently needed. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of essentials oils (EOs) on drug-resistant Candida vaginal isolates. Method: Therefore, the antimicrobial effect of tea tree, niaouli, white thyme, and cajeput EOs on the planktonic growth of Candida isolates was initially evaluated by an agar disc diffusion method. Then, the vapor-phase effect of tea tree EO (VP-TTEO) on biofilm formation and on pre-formed biofilms was evaluated by crystal violet staining, XTT reduction assay, colony forming units’ enumeration, and scanning electron microscopy. Results: The results revealed high antifungal activity of EOs against drug-resistant Candida isolates. Additionally, the VP-TTEO showed a significant inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation of all tested isolates and was able to provoke an expressive reduction in mature Candida albicans biofilms. Conclusions: Overall, this study suggests that the VP-EO may be a promising solution that is able to prevent biofilm-related VVC caused by antifungal-resistant strains.
This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation strategies on forage intake and nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, milk production and composition, feed efficiency, nitrogen balance and body weight change of dairy cows kept in Tanzania grass pastures (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania) in the dry season. We used eight crossbred Holstein and Zebu cows in the final third of lactation, with an average weight of 505±44 kg and initial milk production of 9.0±1.44 kg day -1 , in a double 4X4 Latin square design. The experiment consisted of four experimental periods of 17 days each, with nine days for initial adaptation and eight days to collect data. Treatments consisted of mineral mix and supplements (energy, protein or multiple) provided in the amount of 2 kg per cow day -1 . Supplements promoted increased consumption of dry matter and nutrients (P < 0.05), without changing the forage intake in relation to the mineral mixture. The treatments did not affect the feeding behavior of animals (P > 0.05). There was an increase (P < 0.05) of 19.51% in milk production in the supplemented animals and productive responses approximate marginal 0.64 kg of milk for each kg of supplied supplement, however, the different supplements promoted a drop in the milk fat. There were higher net energy values of animal lactation for protein-energy supplementation and mineral mixture, but no change was observed in feed efficiency and energy efficiency. The performance of dairy cows kept in tropical grass pasture can be improved with the use of a concentrate supplementation of 0.40% of body weight per day -1 without compromising the forage intake of animals. Key words: Concentrate. Digestibility. Forage intake. Milk production. ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar estratégias de suplementação sobre o consumo de forragem e nutrientes, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, comportamento ingestivo, produção e composição do leite, eficiência alimentar, balanço de compostos nitrogenados e variação de peso corporal de vacas leiteiras mantidas em pastos de capim Tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia) no período seco do ano. Foram utilizadas oito vacas mestiças HolandêsXZebu no terço final de lactação, com peso médio de 505±44 kg e produção de leite inicial de 9,0±1,44 kg dia -1 , em delineamento quadrado latino 4X4 duplo. O experimento consistiu de quatro períodos experimentais de 17 dias cada, sendo nove dias inicias para adaptação e oito dias para coleta de dados. Os tratamentos consistiram de mistura mineral e suplementos (energético, proteico ou múltiplo) fornecidos na quantidade de 2 kg por vaca dia -1 . Os suplementos promoveram aumento no consumo de matéria seca e nutrientes (P < 0,05), sem alterar o consumo de forragem em relação a mistura mineral. Os tratamentos não alteraram o comportamento ingestivo dos animais (P > 0,05). Foi observado aumento (P < 0,05) na produção de leite em 19,51% para os animais suplementados e respostas produtivas marginais aproximadas de 0,64 kg de leite para cada kg de suplemento fornecido, no entanto, os...
RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi verifi car o melhor momento para a coleta do grão de pólen de Passifl ora alata, com relação à sua maior viabilidade. Foram coletados 35 botões fl orais, 7 de cada horário de coleta (8h 40, um dia antes da antese, 8h 40, 10h 45 e 16h, no dia da antese e 8h 40, um dia após a antese). Os testes foram feitos por coloração e germinação in vitro. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos e 7 repetições, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. O teste de viabilidade por coloração variou de 69,64 (no dia da antese, 16 horas) a 75,91% (um dia antes da antese). A porcentagem de germinação variou de 49,18 (24 horas após a antese) a 62,65% (no dia da antese, 10h 45). O melhor momento de coleta do pólen, com relação à melhor viabilidade e germinação, é 10h 45, no dia da antese. Termos para indexação: germinação do tubo polínico, polinização, teste de Alexander. INFLUENCE OF THE MOMENT OF THE COLLECT ON THE VIABILITY OF THE POLLEN OF SWEET PASSION FRUIT (Passifl ora alata Curtis)ABSTRACT -The aim of this work was to verify the best period to collect the pollen of Passifl ora alata, with respect to its greater viability. Were collected 35 fl ower buds, 7 from each horary of collect (8h40, one day before anthesis, 8h40, 10h45 and 16h00 , in the day of anthesis and 8h40, one day after anthesis). The tests were made by coloring and in vitro germination. It was used the completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 7 repetitions and the averages were compared by Tukey´s test at 5% of probability. The test of viability by coloring ranged of 69,64 (in the day of the anthesis, 16h00) to 75,91 % (one day before anthesis, 8h40). The percentage of germination ranged from 49,18 (24 hours after anthesis) to 62,65 % (in the day of antese, 10h45). The best moment of collecting the pollen, with respect to the best viability and germination, is 10h45, in the day of anthesis.
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