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Background Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS) is the most controversial category of the Bethesda System. The present study was conducted to compare the histological findings in a series of thyroid nodules diagnosed with AUS/FLUS after single or repeat fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. Methods Retrospective analysis of our institution's series of 514 patients with an initial diagnosis of AUS/FLUS between 11/2011 and 02/2020. Results Of 4887 FNA samples, 11.8% were classified as AUS/FLUS. Of patients with an initial AUS/FLUS diagnosis, 11.5% (59/514) underwent surgery after a single FNA, 55.4% (285/514) had a repeat FNA, and 32.7% (168/514) were either observed or lost to follow‐up. Surgical pathology was available in 123 cases (23.9%), and malignancy was confirmed in 32.5% (40/123) cases, with similar rates in the single 32.2% (19/59) and repeat FNA 32.8% (21/64) groups. Repeat FNA reclassified 78.9% of the AUS/FLUS cases to a different category: 57.2% were reclassified as benign, 10.5% as follicular neoplasm, and 5.6% as suspicious for malignancy or malignant. The rates of nonneoplastic benign lesions were 52.5% (31/59) and 31.2% (20/64) in the single and repeat FNA groups, respectively (P = .018). The rates of follicular adenomas were higher when repeat FNA was performed (23/64, 35.9%) compared with a single FNA (9/59; 15.2%) (P = .013). Conclusion In this series, a repeat FNA in cases of AUS/FLUS increased detection of follicular adenomas but not the detection of malignancy. Repeat FNA reduced the rate of benign nonneoplastic lesions by 40% in the surgical samples.

In our group of patients, 3TmMRI has been a reliable technique providing an optimal staging for prostate cancer. Its routine use could induce important changes in radiation therapy treatments in a significant number of such patients. However, more additional studies are needed to clarify this issue.

The association of a uterine sarcoma botryoides of the adolescence with a primitive neuroectodermal tumor is reported in a 12-year-old patient who presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding that occurred after passing per vaginam a polypoid mass. The sarcoma botryoides of the adolescence exhibited foci of cartilage and a central area of primitive neuroectodermal tumor with a trabecular, adamantiform histology and prominent angiogenesis. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor was positive for vimentin, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase, CD99, and SOX2 and negative for both the FLI-1 fusion protein and the rearrangement of ESWR1 gene. The neoplasm exhibited a nonaggressive behavior similar to sarcoma botryoides of the adolescence, being alive and well 3 y after its presentation. This is possibly related to its polypoid nature and the absence of invasive features at its uterine insertion level. A conservative approach without further resection and chemotherapy was indicated taking into account the patient's age.

Two substrates, sand and vermiculite, were tested in rearing laboratory experiments with Reticulitermes grassei at different culture periods (2, 4 and 6 weeks). Although information is available regarding procedures to keep species of Reticulitermes in lab, none of them is referred to the Mediterranean termite R. grassei. The suitability of substrate was assessed in terms of survival of termites. No statistically significant differences were obtained in the survival rate in the experiments with sand and vermiculite when short-time duration tests are performed, concluding that it seems to be indifferent using any of these substrates for shorter test than 8 weeks. SociobiologyAn international journal on social insects P Gallardo, AM Cárdenas, R Murillo

Precision oncology research is challenging outside the contexts of oncogenic addiction and/or targeted therapies. We previously showed that phosphoproteomics is a powerful approach to reveal patient subsets of interest characterized by the activity of a few kinases where the underlying genomics is complex. Here, we conduct a phosphoproteomic screening of samples from HER2-negative female breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant paclitaxel (N = 130), aiming to find candidate biomarkers of paclitaxel sensitivity. Filtering 11 candidate biomarkers through 2 independent patient sets (N = 218) allowed the identification of a subgroup of patients characterized by high levels of CDK4 and filamin-A who had a 90% chance of achieving a pCR in response to paclitaxel. Mechanistically, CDK4 regulates filamin-A transcription, which in turn forms a complex with tubulin and CLIP-170, which elicits increased binding of paclitaxel to microtubules, microtubule acetylation and stabilization, and mitotic catastrophe. Thus, phosphoproteomics allows the identification of explainable factors for predicting response to paclitaxel.

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