We report a case of intestinal intussusception secondary to enteritis caused by Pythium insidiosum infection in a 1-year-old mixed breed bitch that died after a 30-day history of bloody diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss, listlessness, dehydration, and pale mucous membranes. Necropsy revealed two areas of intussusception, one jejunum-jejunal and one ileum-cecum-colic. The first intussusception showed slight congestion of the intestinal loop, which was resolved by manual traction, while the second intussusception exhibited thickening, irregular yellow spots, and transmural congestion. Histologically, the jejunum-jejunal segment had ischemic lesions secondary and ileum-cecum-colic intussusception there was also necrotizing, pyogranulomatous enteritis associated with negative images of intralesional fungal hyphae that were well visualized by silver impregnation. Immunohistochemistry identified the hyphae as Pythium insidiosum. The diagnosis was made based on the histological changes and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. We can conclude that enteritis by P. insidiosum in dogs can occasionally cause intestinal intussusception and result in acute death.

Objetivou-se com esse estudo investigar a frequência do acometimento de parasitas gastrointestinais em gatos semidomiciliados no município de Patos-PB, considerando o seu potencial zoonótico. Foram examinadas três amostras fecais seriadas por gato, utilizando as técnicas de Willis (1921), Faust et al. (1938) e Hoffman, Pons e Janer (1934). Encontrou-se, 55% de felinos positivos, 30% com infecção única e 25% com infecção mista. Identificou-se, 11 gêneros de parasitas entre helmintos e protozoários. Cystoisospora spp. (15%), Sarcocystis spp. (15%) e Hymenolepis spp. (15%), foram os parasitos mais frequentes. Portanto, apesar do estudo ter sido realizado em poucos felinos, observou-se elevada frequência de casos, situação preocupante se semelhante aos demais animais semidomiciliados do município.

<p>Cães e gatos convivem com humanos há milhares de anos e isso mostra o quanto eles são importantes. Esses animais são considerados membros da família, entretanto, a falta de conhecimento sobre suas necessidades fisiológicas, comportamentais e psicológicas por parte de seus tutores são fatores importantes para suas vidas, pois essa falta de conhecimento, promove condições de alimentação inadequada, maus-tratos, proliferação de doenças, abandono e consequentemente superpopulação de animais nas ruas. A partir dessa problemática, foi realizado um estudo transversal no período de outubro de 2018 a agosto de 2019, por meio da aplicação de um questionário para analisar o perfil socioeconômico e o conhecimento de tutores de cães e gatos domiciliados na zona urbana da cidade de Patos, Paraíba, Brasil, sobre bem-estar animal, abuso e guarda responsável. Dos 270 entrevistados, 67% possuíam animais domésticos, sendo os cães os mais evidentes (p&lt;0,001). A maioria dos entrevistados afirmou saber o que significa bem-estar animal, 85,6% (p&lt;0,001). No entanto, 62,6% não responderam o que significa guarda responsável (p&lt;0,001). Assim, destaca-se a importância de tais estudos para verificar o conhecimento da população sobre o assunto para a criação de políticas públicas que visem minimizar os danos à vida animal.</p>

Background: Clinical care of cats with urethral obstruction is a common routine in feline clinical medicine and the re-establishment of urinary flow is essential for long-lasting correction of the pathophysiological alterations presented. For this chemical restraint is usually employed, that together with the alteration, increases the anesthetic risk of these patients. Improvement in anesthetic techniques, especially the loco-regional, may contribute to reducing the anesthetic risk of these patients and facilitate maneuvers to clear the obstruction. Thus the objective of the present study was to describe and assess the bilateral block technique of the pudendal nerve in 16 cats with urethral obstruction.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen male crossbred cats were used, with partial or total urethral obstruction, attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The anesthetic block of the pudendal nerve trunk was carried out by placing the local anesthetic close to the ventral foramen of the second sacral vertebra, using a 13 x 0.45 mm needle attached to a 1 mL syringe. To assess the effectiveness of the bilateral block, the analgesia promoted was assessed using the substitute (“Reaction to Palpating the Surgical Wound” of subscale 1 (pain expression) of the “Compound Multi-dimensional Scale to Assess Post Operational Pain in Cats”.  This assessment was made before the bilateral block (M0) and 10 min afterwards (M1) and the scores ranged from 0 to 3. In addition, a segmental assessment of the urethra was made, where, by passing a probe the sensitivity was assessed of the urethral ostium, penile and pelvic urethra and the relaxing of the external urethral sphincter. This assessment was made at M1 and classified as present or absent. In the cases where the bilateral block was inefficient, the technique was repeated, in the same locations and at the same dose as initially administered, and a new assessment (M2) was made 10 minutes after the second administration. In 12 of the 16 patients assessed the bilateral block was made once. The following were observed in these patients at M1: reduction in the reaction to penile manipulation (P = 0.003), total relaxation of the external urethral sphincter and absence of sensitivity to passing the probe through the penile urethra (P = 0.000) and insensitivity of the ostium urethrae (P = 0.006). In the animals in which the anesthetic bilateral block was repeated (4/16) the value of p adjusted for penile manipulation was 0.05. There was no reaction to the probe passage through the ostium urethrae and the penile urethra or contraction of the external urethral sphincter in 3 of the 4 animals (P = 0.625). Considering the total number of animals assessed, the urethral obstruction of the pudendal nerve trunk, carried out one or twice, caused statistically significant (P = 0.004) insensitivity to penile manipulation, probing of the ostium urethrae and the penile urethra and total relaxation of the external urethral sphincter in 14 of the 16 animals. In three patients concomitant anesthetic bilateral block was observed of the sciatic nerve, bilateral (two animals) or unilateral (one animal).Discussion: studies on the feline pudendal nerve have demonstrated that the sensitive and motor bilateral block of this nerve is possible, as corroborated by the present study. Although an atomic study had shown the possibility of concomitant bilateral block of the sciatic nerve, and therefore, according to the authors, the technique should not be recommended, this finding did not demonstrate great clinical relevance, because in most cases the patients remained under fluid therapy throughout the anesthetic recovery period (about two hours) and therefore with restricted movement. Nevertheless, studies should be carried out to improve this technique.

No abstract

Domestic animals, especially pets, have a close and affectionate relationship with people. However, many of them are harmed  by their supposed tutors. In Brazil, there are few veterinary studies looking at epidemiology of pets’ mistreatment admitted to veterinary practices and hospitals, and none in Paraíba state. The aim of this study was to identify the occurrence and the epidemiological aspects of pets’ mistreatment in the Veterinary Hospital from the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. In addition, it was sought to exhibit the frequency of animal abuse cases and their respective levels of socio-environmental vulnerability by neighborhood. A retrospective study of medical records was carried out for a period of ten years. The data were analyzed descriptively. A total of 943 cases of mistreated pets were identified with 59.8% (564/943) in dogs and 40.2% (379/943) in cats. Males represented 50.9% (480/943) of the cases and 49.1% (463/943) were females. Dogs [40.60% (229/564)] and cats [54.35% (206/379)] up to one year of age were the most affected. Furthermore, the majority of dogs [74.3% (419/564)] and cats [98.15% (372/379)] mistreated were mixed breed. Negligence was evidenced with 69.1% (651/943) of mistreatment cases. There was also a higher frequency of mistreatment in neighborhoods with high levels of vulnerability. It is concluded that although the number of mistreated dogs was higher, proportionally cats were more likely to be victims of abuse and that in those poorer socioeconomic areas, harmful attitudes to domestic animals are a daily reality.   Keywords: Animal Mistreatment. Vulnerability. Pets. Violence.   Resumo Animais domésticos, especialmente cães e gatos, mantêm uma relação estreita e afetuosa com as pessoas. No entanto, muitos são prejudicados por seus supostos tutores. No Brasil, existem poucos estudos veterinários sobre a epidemiologia dos maus-tratos a animais de estimação admitidos em clínicas e hospitais veterinários, e nenhum na Paraíba. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a ocorrência e os aspectos epidemiológicos dos maus-tratos a animais de estimação no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, Brasil. Além disso, buscou-se apresentar a frequência dos casos de maus-tratos animais e seus respectivos níveis de vulnerabilidade socioambiental por bairros. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de prontuários médicos por um período de dez anos. Os dados foram analisados ​​descritivamente. Um total de 943 casos de animais de estimação maltratados foram identificados com 59,8% (564/943) em cães e 40,2% (379/943) em gatos. Os machos representaram 50,9% (480/943) dos casos e 49,1% (463/943) eram fêmeas. Os cães [40,60% (229/564)] e os gatos [54,35% (206/379)] até um ano de idade foram os mais acometidos. Ademais, a maioria dos cães [74,3% (419/564)] e gatos [98,15% (372/379)] maltratados eram sem raça definida (SRD). Evidenciou-se a negligência com 69,1% (651/943) dos casos de maus-tratos. Observou-se também maior frequência de maus-tratos em bairros com altos níveis de vulnerabilidade. Concluímos que embora o número de cães maltratados tenha sido maior, proporcionalmente os gatos tiveram maior probabilidade de serem vítimas de maus-tratos e que naquelas áreas socioeconômicas mais desfavorecidas, atitudes prejudiciais aos animais domésticos são uma realidade diária.   Palavras-chave: Maus-Tratos Animais. Vulnerabilidade. Animais de Estimação. Violência.

This study aimed to obtain information about the knowledge and attitudes of veterinarians in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, regarding the care of abused animals, the profile of possible aggressors, and their perceptions of the relationship between animal maltreatment and interpersonal violence. For this purpose, an online survey containing 21 questions was made available to veterinarians registered in the Regional Veterinary Medicine Council of Paraíba (CRMV - PB). The chi-square test with a 5% significance level (p < 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. According to the interviewees, 70.7% (53/75) of the abuse victims were small animals. Negligence (68% [51/75]) and the absence of medical care (68% [51/75]) were the most evident forms of abuse. Furthermore, 82.7% (62/75) of them believed in the relationship between animal maltreatment and interpersonal violence. In addition, 90.7% (68/75) of the interviewees responded that they have not experienced technical difficulty in identifying maltreatment. However, 48% (36/75) stated to not know the animal abuse law, 90.7% (68/75) did not report the aggressors, and 81.3% (61/75) stated that the absence of measures by the competent public bodies makes it harder to report the abuse. This study concluded that these professionals will, at some point in their clinical routine, encounter situations of animal maltreatment and human violence, as they are in a privileged position to identify such acts. However, they need more normative knowledge about animal abuse crimes.