RESUMO: Descrevem-se dois casos de infecção por Mycobacterium sp. em gatos domésticos no sertão da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Os animais apresentavam emagrecimento progressivo, dispneia, tosse e linfadenomegalia generalizada em um dos casos, com evolução clínica de um e sete meses, respectivamente. Macroscopicamente as lesões estavam restritas aos linfonodos superficiais e/ou profundos e parênquima pulmonar, caracterizadas por nódulos multifocais ou multifocais a coalescentes, amarelados, irregulares que ao corte apresentavam áreas multifocais a coalescentes amareladas, friáveis e caseosa, além de áreas multifocais brancacentas e firmes. Histologicamente, verificou-se linfadenite e pneumonia granulomatosa caracterizada por áreas centrais de necrose e mineralização central circundadas por macrófagos, células epiteliais e tecido conjuntivo fibroso. No primeiro caso havia ainda hepatite granulomatosa discreta e aleatória. Em ambos os casos, foram visualizados bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes livres e no citoplasma de macrófagos na coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. Houve imunomarcação para Mycobacterium sp. no citoplasma de macrófagos em ambos os casos. Na PCR, identificou-se apenas o gênero Mycobacterium no Caso 1 e Mycobacterium bovis no Caso 2. O diagnóstico de infecção por Mycobacterium sp. nos felinos foi realizado com base nos achados anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímica. Pela PCR foi realizado o diagnóstico etiológico de micobacteriose no Caso 1 e tuberculose por M. bovis no Caso 2. O diagnóstico das doenças causadas por micobactérias em felinos, principalmente aquelas em que M. bovis esteja envolvido, é de extrema importância para a saúde pública, destacando o potencial zoonótico desta espécie, pois muitos animais infectados podem ser assintomáticos ou apresentarem sinais clínicos inespecíficos.
Background: Clinical care of cats with urethral obstruction is a common routine in feline clinical medicine and the re-establishment of urinary flow is essential for long-lasting correction of the pathophysiological alterations presented. For this chemical restraint is usually employed, that together with the alteration, increases the anesthetic risk of these patients. Improvement in anesthetic techniques, especially the loco-regional, may contribute to reducing the anesthetic risk of these patients and facilitate maneuvers to clear the obstruction. Thus the objective of the present study was to describe and assess the bilateral block technique of the pudendal nerve in 16 cats with urethral obstruction.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen male crossbred cats were used, with partial or total urethral obstruction, attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The anesthetic block of the pudendal nerve trunk was carried out by placing the local anesthetic close to the ventral foramen of the second sacral vertebra, using a 13 x 0.45 mm needle attached to a 1 mL syringe. To assess the effectiveness of the bilateral block, the analgesia promoted was assessed using the substitute (“Reaction to Palpating the Surgical Wound” of subscale 1 (pain expression) of the “Compound Multi-dimensional Scale to Assess Post Operational Pain in Cats”. This assessment was made before the bilateral block (M0) and 10 min afterwards (M1) and the scores ranged from 0 to 3. In addition, a segmental assessment of the urethra was made, where, by passing a probe the sensitivity was assessed of the urethral ostium, penile and pelvic urethra and the relaxing of the external urethral sphincter. This assessment was made at M1 and classified as present or absent. In the cases where the bilateral block was inefficient, the technique was repeated, in the same locations and at the same dose as initially administered, and a new assessment (M2) was made 10 minutes after the second administration. In 12 of the 16 patients assessed the bilateral block was made once. The following were observed in these patients at M1: reduction in the reaction to penile manipulation (P = 0.003), total relaxation of the external urethral sphincter and absence of sensitivity to passing the probe through the penile urethra (P = 0.000) and insensitivity of the ostium urethrae (P = 0.006). In the animals in which the anesthetic bilateral block was repeated (4/16) the value of p adjusted for penile manipulation was 0.05. There was no reaction to the probe passage through the ostium urethrae and the penile urethra or contraction of the external urethral sphincter in 3 of the 4 animals (P = 0.625). Considering the total number of animals assessed, the urethral obstruction of the pudendal nerve trunk, carried out one or twice, caused statistically significant (P = 0.004) insensitivity to penile manipulation, probing of the ostium urethrae and the penile urethra and total relaxation of the external urethral sphincter in 14 of the 16 animals. In three patients concomitant anesthetic bilateral block was observed of the sciatic nerve, bilateral (two animals) or unilateral (one animal).Discussion: studies on the feline pudendal nerve have demonstrated that the sensitive and motor bilateral block of this nerve is possible, as corroborated by the present study. Although an atomic study had shown the possibility of concomitant bilateral block of the sciatic nerve, and therefore, according to the authors, the technique should not be recommended, this finding did not demonstrate great clinical relevance, because in most cases the patients remained under fluid therapy throughout the anesthetic recovery period (about two hours) and therefore with restricted movement. Nevertheless, studies should be carried out to improve this technique.
This study aimed to evaluate the renal function of six bitches of various breeds and ages, with open pyometra, attended in the Small Animal Medical Clinic sector of the Veterinary Hospital from Federal University of Campina Grande, through the measurement of laboratory tests: urea and creatinine serum, dosage of the urinary Protein-Creatinine Ratio (PCR), urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and determination of the renal resistivity index (RI). The levels of urea and creatinine were elevated in 16.6% (1/6) of the female dogs; the urinary protein-creatinine ratio was increased in 66.6% (4/6), while the urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase value was elevated in 50% (3/6). The renal resistivity index was increased in the right and left kidneys by 66.6% (4/6) of bitches, with no statistical difference between them. It was concluded that the renal resistivity index was a practical and effective method to assist in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury, along with other early markers, such as PCR and urinary GGT.
<p>A cada ano, no mundo, estima-se que 4 milhões de recém-nascidos morram nas primeiras 4 semanas de vida (período neonatal). A baixa renda familiar aparenta ser um fator de risco isolado para a maior mortalidade no primeiro ano de vida. O Método Mãe Canguru foi inspirado nas mães-canguru, que transportavam seus filhotes prematuros contra o peito, e também nas mães-indianas, que carregavam seus bebês de forma semelhante aos marsupiais. Diante disso, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o perfil biossociodemográfico das mães de recém-nascidos pré-termo e/ou de baixo peso assistidos pelo Método Mãe Canguru (MMC). A amostra foi composta por 8 mães com idades entre 18 e 28 anos, às quais foi aplicado um questionário, com o intuito de investigar a percepção das mães a respeito do MMC, com as seguintes variáveis: idade da mãe, estado civil, idade gestacional, consultas pré-natal, renda familiar, com quem vivem, ocupação atual, e se o método vai ajudar seu filho. Conclui-se que as mães analisadas apresentaram fatores de risco para parto pré-maturo e/ou de baixo peso, como a baixa idade materna, poucas consultas pré-natal realizadas, idade gestacional, sendo a baixa renda familiar o fator mais relevante. Quanto ao conhecimento das mães sobre o MMC, foi visto que<br />todas tinham informações suficientes para darem continuidade ao método.</p>
RESUMOEste artigo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de infecção por Mycobacterium bovis em um gato doméstico, com seis meses de idade, enfatizando seus aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos. O felino apresentava como histórico a ingestão de leite de vaca não fervido e posteriormente desenvolveu sinais de anorexia, tosse não produtiva e linfadenomegalia. Para elucidação do diagnóstico, foram realizados exames complementares de imagem, hematológicos, citológicos e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Diante da confirmação de infecção por Mycobacterium, o tratamento foi instituído por meio da associação de três antimicrobianos (enrofloxacino 5mg/kg, claritromicina 10mg/kg e rifampicina 15mg/kg), por via oral, a cada 12 horas, aos quais o animal respondeu positivamente, apresentando significativa diminuição dos sinais clínicos; entretanto, após 60 dias de tratamento, foi a óbito devido a um atropelamento. Conclui-se que a realização do tratamento em gatos com tuberculose pode ocasionar melhora dos sinais clínicos e que, embora de ocorrência rara no Brasil, essa enfermidade deve ser incluída como diagnóstico diferencial das enfermidades infecciosas nessa espécie. ABSTRACTThis article aims to report a case of Mycobacterium bovis infection in a six-month-old domestic cat, emphasizing its clinical and therapeutic aspects. The feline presented as history the intake of unboiled cow's milk and later developed signs of anorexia, non-productive cough and lymphadenomegaly. Additional imaging, hematological, cytological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were performed to elucidate the diagnosis. In the presence of Mycobacterium infection, treatment was instituted by the combination of three antimicrobials (Enrofloxacin 5mg/kg, Clarithromycin 10mg/kg, and Rifampicin 15mg/kg) orally every 12 hours, to which the animal responded positively, presenting significant decrease of the clinical signs, however after 60 days of treatment the cat died accidentally, hit by a car on the street. It is concluded that the treatment in cats affected by tuberculosis can cause improvement of clinical signs and that although rare in Brazil, this disease should be included as a differential diagnosis of infectious diseases in this species.
This study aimed to obtain information about the knowledge and attitudes of veterinarians in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, regarding the care of abused animals, the profile of possible aggressors, and their perceptions of the relationship between animal maltreatment and interpersonal violence. For this purpose, an online survey containing 21 questions was made available to veterinarians registered in the Regional Veterinary Medicine Council of Paraíba (CRMV - PB). The chi-square test with a 5% significance level (p < 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. According to the interviewees, 70.7% (53/75) of the abuse victims were small animals. Negligence (68% [51/75]) and the absence of medical care (68% [51/75]) were the most evident forms of abuse. Furthermore, 82.7% (62/75) of them believed in the relationship between animal maltreatment and interpersonal violence. In addition, 90.7% (68/75) of the interviewees responded that they have not experienced technical difficulty in identifying maltreatment. However, 48% (36/75) stated to not know the animal abuse law, 90.7% (68/75) did not report the aggressors, and 81.3% (61/75) stated that the absence of measures by the competent public bodies makes it harder to report the abuse. This study concluded that these professionals will, at some point in their clinical routine, encounter situations of animal maltreatment and human violence, as they are in a privileged position to identify such acts. However, they need more normative knowledge about animal abuse crimes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.