A substituição de ecossistemas naturais por cultivos agrícolas geralmente resulta em alterações na quantidade e qualidade da matéria orgânica do solo. A magnitude dessas mudanças varia de acordo com as propriedades originais do solo, o clima, a cultura implantada e o manejo adotado. O carbono (C) orgânico do solo, muitas vezes, não tem sido sensível a essas mudanças, razão pela qual a distribuição de suas diferentes frações vem sendo utilizada para avaliar melhor a qualidade da matéria orgânica do solo. Com o objetivo de avaliar alterações das frações de C orgânico de um Latossolo húmico submetido a diferentes usos, foram coletadas amostras de solos de cinco ambientes (mata nativa, capoeira submetida a queimadas esporádicas, pasto com 30 anos, pasto com 25 anos e culturas de ciclo curto), em quatro profundidades (0,0-2,5; 2,5-5,0; 5,0-7,5; e 7,5-10,0 cm). O uso do solo com pasto por 25 anos e culturas de ciclo curto proporcionaram maiores reduções no teor de C orgânico, principalmente na camada de 0,0-2,5 cm. Nessas áreas, o C da biomassa microbiana e o C orgânico solúvel em água foram mais sensíveis à mudança de manejo. A área com pasto por 30 anos apresentou valores superiores de ácidos fúlvicos, húmicos e humina que a área sob pasto por 25 anos, em todas as profundidades avaliadas.
In Galicia (northwest Spain) the application of organic wastes to agricultural land is a common practice, which may increase total and bioavailable metal contents in the soil. In this study, total metal concentrations were determined in acid soils under different use (pasture, cropland, woodland) in an agricultural area where agro‐industrial sludges are frequently recycled as manure. The aim was to establish baseline metal levels which could be used to determine the capacity of soils to absorb organic wastes. The estimation of baseline metal concentrations was carried out by two methods, one based on the analysis of means and geometric deviations, and another based on a modal analysis. Results suggested that the modal analysis procedure might be preferable when analysing data sets with a heterogeneous frequency distribution. In general, there was no significant difference in total metal concentrations when comparing soils from different land uses. Baseline levels for each metal indicated that all soils were suitable for organic waste application under current European Union (EU) legislation. From 2015, more restrictive metal limit values have been proposed by the EU, potentially preventing the addition of metal‐containing wastes to pasture, cropland and woodland soils. The dissolved metal values in each soil were also estimated by empirical equations relating total metal concentrations, pH and organic matter content. Results showed that only the pasture soils would be suitable for organic waste disposal under the proposed EU metal limits for 2015, due to liming and substantial organic matter content. Total metal concentrations were insufficient to discriminate environmental risk in acid soils of different land use. The determination of baseline levels in reference areas and the estimation of soil metal bioavailability are suggested to define permissible values in the developing legislation.
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