BackgroundTo investigate the relationship between the morphological maturation stages of the midpalatal suture and its bone densities.MethodsThe sample consisted of 91 subjects aged 8–18 years who underwent cone beam computed tomography. All images were examined to classify morphological maturation of the midpalatal suture to five groups according to Angelieri et al. Bone density of the midpalatal suture was measured at the maxillary and palatal regions. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the difference between groups.ResultsBone density of the midpalatal suture was significantly higher in the palatal region in E stage and in the maxillary region in D and E stages.ConclusionsIt is concluded that the change in bone density of the midpalatal suture between the morphological maturation stages supports their reliability in clinical application.
Objectives. The aim of the paper was to appraise the current evidence of the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in accelerating the tooth movement.
Methods.A comprehensive search was performed in 9 databases up to June 2019. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The quantitative data synthesis was attainable only for the studies evaluating the effect of laser on canine retraction; the qualitative description was used for the rest of the studies. The overall quality of evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.
Results.A total of 25 RCTs were included in this review. The radiated upper canines showed a greater retraction -0.50 mm and 0.49 mm at months 2 and 3, respectively. The radiated lower canines showed a greater retraction -0.28 mm and 0.52 mm at months 2 and 3, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed among the upper and lower canines after the 1 st month of retraction. When the GRADE approach was utilized, the overall quality of evidence limited confidence in the estimates. The qualitative description revealed enhanced tooth movement when LLLT was applied. The attrition bias was the main risk factor affecting the methodology of the studies.Conclusions. Low-level laser therapy can speed up the rate of the tooth movement. However, the overall quality of evidence ranged from low to very low and the clinical significance of the obtained statistically significant differences is questionable. Hence, more precise studies are needed. As discussed in this review, it is highly recommended to express and compare the laser dosage with the total number of joules applied per month rather than the previously used J/cm 2 . Moreover, the previous recommendation indicating that lower energy densities (2.5, 5 and 8 J/cm 2 ) are more effective than 20 and 25 J/cm 2 is misleading.
Measurement of volumes of the 4th CVVP could be used as simple quantitative analysis in clinical practice to evaluate the maturity in orthodontic patients.
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