Protocatechuic acid (PCA) (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid), a natural phenolic compound found in many edible and medicinal plants, is a major benzoic acid derivative with a strong antioxidative effect, 10-fold higher than that of α-tocopherol. The present study is aimed at evaluating the antidiabetic effect of PCA on STZ-diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by the administration of STZ (40 mg/kg BW, i.p.)-PCA was administered orally at three different doses (50, 100, 200 mg/kg BW/day) to STZ-diabetic rats for 45 days. Diabetic rats showed increase in plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) and a decrease in plasma insulin and hemoglobin (Hb). The activities of gluconeogenic enzymes like glucose 6-phosphatase and fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase increased whereas the glycolytic enzyme glucokinase decreased in the liver along with glycogen content. The oral administration of PCA or glibenclamide in saline, for 45 days, prevented the changes and improved toward normalcy. No significant effect was observed in normal rats treated with PCA. Thus, our results show that PCA at 100 mg possesses a potential antihyperglycemic effect that is comparable with glibenclamide.
Oxidative stress in diabetes co-exists with a reduction in the antioxidant status, which can further increase the deleterious effects of free radicals. Hyperlipidaemia is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular complications in diabetes. A study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant and antihyperlipidaemic activity of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) were increased and the level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants decreased except vitamin E. Lipid profile increased in diabetic rats, whereas HDL-C level decreased. These alterations reverted to near control levels after the diabetic rats were treated with PCA. Histopathological studies also revealed the protective effects of PCA on liver and kidney. These findings suggest that PCA treatment exerts a therapeutic property by decreasing the oxidative stress and lipid profile. The effect of PCA was comparable to glibenclamide, a well-known hypoglycaemic drug.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to examine the combined effect of ursolic acid (UA) and rosiglitazone (RSG) on metabolic syndrome in C57BL/6J mice. Upon feeding high fat diet (HFD) C57BL/6J mice developed obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The male mice were randomly divided into six groups, and fed normal diet, normal diet plus UA and RSG, HFD alone, HFD plus UA, HFD plus RSG, and HFD plus UA and RSG, respectively. HFD fed mice showed increase in body weight, elevated plasma glucose and insulin. Activities of gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose 6-phosphatase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase increased while the activity of glycolytic enzyme, glucokinase, decreased in the liver along with glycogen content. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and free fatty acid levels significantly increased in the plasma, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased in high fat diet fed mice. In addition, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was increased significantly. Combined treatment with UA and RSG improved the above parameters towards normality and pronounced more responses than UA or RSG lone treatment. The inclusion of UA in treatment with RSG may reduce the body weight gain, one of adverse side effect associated with the RSG-therapy.
The escalating problem of obesity has become a cause of great concern in the world today as it leads to adverse effects on human health, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer etc. The major causes of obesity may be attributed to sedentary lifestyle and bad food habits. Conventional modalities to tackle obesity are not free from side-effects. Urgency of a novel, nontoxic means needs to be developed to control obesity. In this study we aim to screen the phytochemical compounds of Camellia Sinensis and evaluate its antiobesity and antioxidant effects. The methanolic extract of Camellia Sinensis was analyzed for its phytochemical screening and assayed for its in-vitro activity against pancreatic lipase, its antioxidant potential and quantitative estimation of flavonoids and phenolics were done. The methanolic extract of Camellia Sinensis strongly inhibited pancreatic lipase by 63% and it also possesses a strong antioxidant effect and there was a significant positive correlation between phenolics, flavonoids and with alkaloid contents. From these results, it could be concluded that methanolic extracts of Camellia Sinensis possesses antipancreatic lipase compounds. It also possesses antioxidant effect. It is suggested that the phytochemical compounds from there plants may be applied for the prevention and treatment of obesity or hyperlipidemia. Keywords: Obesity, Camellia Sinensis, Pancreatic lipase, Antioxidant, Phenolic
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