Fink, Mattoo, and Rathindran analyze the effect ofThe authors find that both privatization and policy reform in basic telecommunications on sectoral competition lead to significant improvements in performance using a new panel data set for 86 performance. But a comprehensive reform program, developing countries across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, involving both policies and the support of an and Latin America and the Caribbean over the period independent regulator, produced the largest gains-an 1985 to 1999. The authors address three questions: 8 percent higher level of mainlines and a 21 percent o What impact do specific policy changes-relating to higher level of productivity compared to years of partial ownership and competition-have on sectoral and no reform. Interestingly, the sequence of reform performance?matters: mainline penetration is lower if competition is o How is the impact of change in any one policy introduced after privatization, rather than at the same affected by the implementation of the other, and by the time. The authors also find that autonomous factors, overall regulatory framework? such as technological progress, have a strong influence -Does the sequence in which reforms are on telecommunications performance, accounting for an implemented affect performance? increase of 5 percent a year in teledensity and 9 percent in productivity over the period 1985 to 1999.This paper-a product of Trade, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to improve our understanding of services reform.
A range of health care services are tradable, in that consumers can travel abroad for treatment. In this paper we first estimate the gains from trade. An international price comparison of fifteen procedures reveals that there could be savings of around $1.4 billion annually even if only one in ten U.S. patients choose to undergo treatment abroad. We then identify a key impediment to realizing these gains: the nature of existing health insurance plans, which discriminate explicitly or implicitly against treatment abroad. We propose that coverage should be neutral to provider location and that reimbursement should include travel costs. [Health Affairs 25, no. 2 (2006):
Fink, Mattoo, and Rathindran analyze the effect ofThe authors find that both privatization and policy reform in basic telecommunications on sectoral competition lead to significant improvements in performance using a new panel data set for 86 performance. But a comprehensive reform program, developing countries across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, involving both policies and the support of an and Latin America and the Caribbean over the period independent regulator, produced the largest gains-an 1985 to 1999. The authors address three questions: 8 percent higher level of mainlines and a 21 percent o What impact do specific policy changes-relating to higher level of productivity compared to years of partial ownership and competition-have on sectoral and no reform. Interestingly, the sequence of reform performance? matters: mainline penetration is lower if competition is o How is the impact of change in any one policy introduced after privatization, rather than at the same affected by the implementation of the other, and by the time. The authors also find that autonomous factors, overall regulatory framework? such as technological progress, have a strong influence -Does the sequence in which reforms are on telecommunications performance, accounting for an implemented affect performance? increase of 5 percent a year in teledensity and 9 percent in productivity over the period 1985 to 1999.This paper-a product of Trade, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to improve our understanding of services reform.
There is limited trade in health services despite big differences in the price of health care across countries. Whether patients travel abroad for health care depends on the coverage of treatments by their health insurance plan. Under existing health insurance contracts, the gains from trade are not fully internalized by the consumer. The result is a strong "local-market bias" in the consumption of health care. A simple modification of existing insurance products can create sufficient incentives for consumers to travel. For just 15 highly tradable, low-risk treatments, the annual savings to the US would be $1.4 billion even if only one in ten patients who need these treatments went abroad. Half of these annual savings would accrue to the Medicare program alone. We examine how measures by destination countries to improve and credibly signal the quality of health care can enhance the scope for trade.
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