Islam does not limit the age for marriage but implicitly requires people who want to marry are physically and psychologically ready to get married to create a harmonious and peaceful family. Likewise, positive law in Indonesia, regarding the determination of the marriage age, aims to achieve a happy and blessed family. This study intends to examine legal benefits in a review of Islamic Law and Positive Law in Indonesia. This research employs library research by using primary and secondary data sources, and data analysis are normative qualitative. This study concludes that according to positive law, the maturity of the prospective bride and groom is determined according to the age limit for men and women, namely 19 years. Whereas in Islamic law what is very concerned is the maturity of the prospective groom in terms of economy, understanding of religion, and being physically and mentally healthy with the aim of not hurting women and creating a sakinah, mawaddah warahmah family (a blessed family).
Meskipun ibu orang yang lebih berhak mengasuh anak sesuai Pasal 105 KHI, tapi kenyataan empiris di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Simpang Tiga Redelong memberikan hak asuh kepada ayah. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pertimbangan hakim memberikan hak asuh, eksekusi hak asuh anak dan perlindungan anak pasca perceraian. Penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis empiris. data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara. Bahan hukum yang digunakan yaitu bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertimbangan hakim memberikan hasuk kepada supaya memberikan perlindungan terbaik bagi anak. Eksekusi hak asuh belum pernah dilakukan karena belum pernah ada masyarakat yang mohonkan ke Mahkamah. Perlindungan anak setelah putus perkawinan orangtua lebih terjamin dipelihara oleh ayah secara materil.
Wasiat wajibah ialah wasiat yang pelaksanaanya tidak dipengaruhi atau tidak tergantung pada kehendak si yang meninggal dunia. Sementara itu, anak angkat mempunyai hak untuk menggugat waris terhadap ahli waris sebab secara hukum sebagaimana yang diatur dalam KHI pasal 209 ayat 2. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis persoalan wasiat wajibah bagi anak angkat dan pertimbangan hakim terhadap wasiat wajibah bagi anak angkat dalam Putusan Nomor 207/pdt.G/2019/MS.Bir di Mahkamah Syar’iah Bireuen, dan wujud perlindungan hukum terhadap wasiat wajibah bagi anak angkat dalam hukum kewarisan islam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif yang disebut juga sebagai penelitian doktrinal. Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder atau data yang diperoleh melalui bahan-bahan pustaka dan sumber-sumber bacaan yang relevan dengan tema penelitian, meliputi penelitian terhadap asas-asas hukum, sumber-sumber hukum, teori hukum, buku-buku, peraturan perundang-undangan yang bersifat teoritis ilmiah. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa: Pendapat hakim tentang Pertimbangan wasiat wajibah terhadap anak angkat di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Bireuen adalah anak angkat mempunyai hak untuk menggugat waris terhadap ahli waris sebab secara hukum sebagaimana yang diatur dalam KHI pasal 209 ayat 2 yang berbunyi: Terhadap anak angkat yang tidak menerima wasiat diberi wasiat wajibah sebanyak-banyaknya 1/3 (sepertiga) dari harta warisan orang tua angkatnya. Saran penjelasan tentang pembagian wasiat wajibah masih belum terlalu jelas maka hakim wajib menggali, mengikuti dan memahami nilai-nilai hukum dan rasa keadilan yang hidup dalam masyarakat agar putusan hakim sesuai dengan hukum dan rasa keadilan.
This study aims yo find out and analyze the legal arrangements for divorcing te wife against her husband during the Covid-19 pandemic from the aspect of Civil Law, Islamic law, the Civil Code and to find out and the purpose of divorce from the wife against her husband in terms of the Criminal Code. The type of research used to answer these problems is juridical-empirical law research using an empirical approach. Data was collected through interview studies and field research. The data analysis used was qualitative analysis. The results showed that the wife's divorce against her husband during the Covid-19 pandemic was the result of economic factors, infidelity and domestic violence. Divorce is a marriage that breaks up as an application submitted by the wife to the Religious Court, which then the respondent (husband) approves, so that the Religious application is the intended application. In Article 39 paragraph (1) of Law no. 1 of 1974, explains that divorce can only be done before the court after the court concerned has tried and failed to reconcile the two parties. Divorce is interpreted as separating or breaking up the relationship as husband and wife. So "divorce" is a word that refers to the circumstances of the meaning of the word "divorce". So it can be understood that in a divorce, what is broken is the relationship as husband and wife, therefore both are no longer allowed to hang out with husband and wife in general. Divorce is the beginning of the destruction in the household caused by the couple themselves and from the many disturbances from other parties. The results obtained indicate that the factors that cause divorce are economic, infidelity and domestic violence. This is what causes divorce.
This research departs from the importance of resolving social conflicts between oil palm plantation companies through empowering local workers. For the sustainability of the oil palm plantation business and improving people's welfare. Article 74 paragraph (2) of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies (UUPT) and Article 2 paragraph (1) letter e of Law Number 19 of 2003 concerning State-Owned Enterprises. Although efforts have been made to resolve conflicts between communities and oil palm plantation companies in West Aceh, the conflict has not yet been resolved. This study is to analyze the barriers to resolving social conflicts between social conflicts between communities and oil palm plantation companies in West Aceh. This study uses a sociological juridical approach to look more deeply at the effectiveness of law in society. The research uses primary data and secondary data as well as field data in West Aceh. Secondary data by searching the literature related to the research focus. Data collection techniques were carried out through structured interviews with the parties involved in this study. The results of the study show that the inhibiting factor for conflict resolution between the community and oil palm plantation companies in West Aceh is that many productive age villagers do not work and the empowerment program is not empowered to be on target. This study produces a model for empowering local workers by utilizing the benefits through the CSR budget to provide job training to people of productive age aged 18-35 years.
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