According to the project of the EU Commission (Circular Economy Package Document) currently only 5 % of bio-waste in the European Union is recycled. The EU imports around 6 million per year tons of phosphates, but up to 30 % of this amount could be replaced by substances received from organic waste (manure and others). Organic fertilizers are the only alternative for organic farms. The additional value is received by replacing mineral fertilizers with organic ones: reduced energy consumption for fertilizer production and transportation, less environment pollution, improved soil properties. In addition to this, recycled biomass is more homogeneous and more even spread in the fields. The aim of the work is to determine the possibilities of processing of manure compost and other waste into granular organic fertilizers, the physical-mechanical properties of granules. The physical mechanical properties of raw material for granular organic fertilizers with various additives molasses, defecate (lime sludge), which have a significant influence on the quality of granules, are discussed in the article. The fertilizer granules must be sufficiently resistant for transporting, storing and spreading in the soil. Properties such as the raw material fractional composition, material and granules moisture, strength of the granules and others were investigated. It has been determined that compaction of milled manure without additives requires 42.6 kJ•t-1 of energy, the mass with molasses additive 44.8 kJ•t-1 and with defecate additive 53.0 kJ•t-1 energy, while estimating the pressure function parameters and the density of the required granules.

In recent years, the European countries recycle only 5−7% of bio-waste. One activity of the biological waste disposal is granulation. The production of fertilizer from animal manure with supplement represents an important area of environmentally friendly bio-fertilizer production. This paper presents an investigation of estimation manure compost physical-mechanical properties for reuse of organic waste − cattle and cow manure, sugar production waste − molasses through new technology pellets production and of granulated fertilizer impact on soil. The experimental manure samples produced by industrial methods and samples produced in the laboratory from the time period of 2014 to 2017 were investigated. The following physical – mechanical characteristics were estimated: biometric indicators (dimensions, mass), volume and density of raw material and pellets, material and pellet’s humidity and pellets strength. Experiments results have shown that the difference in limit strength between experimental and industrial organic compost pellets was about 5%. Experiments of fertilizers on the impact on soil shown that the amount of nutrients added to the soil depends on the rate of the granulated compost fertilizer. As the norm increases, organic carbon, humus, mobile phosphorus and potassium increase in soil. Increases in soil fertility, improved agrochemical properties, soil organic matter accumulation and humus increase. Granulated compost fertilizers have no effect on soil acidity. The presented results could be helpful to the development of the fertilizing process by the granulated compost fertilizer for improvement of soil quality in small farms.

The paper presents the preparation and use of pressed solid biofuel of multi-crop plants (fibrous hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.)) as mono, binary and trinomial crops. The results of the investigation show that three main chemical elements (carbon, oxygen and hydrogen) accounted for 93.1 to 94.9% of the biomass pellet content. The moisture content varied from 3.9 to 8.8%, ash content from 4.5 to 6.8% and calorific value from 16.8 to 17.1 MJ·kg−1. It was found that the density (DM) of all variants of pellets was very similar; the faba bean biomass pellets had the highest density of 1195.8 kg·m−3 DM. The initial ash deformation temperature (DT) of burning biomass pellets was detected, which varied from 976 to 1322 °C. High potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were found in all types of biomass ash. The quantities of heavy metals in pellet ash were not large and did not exceed the permissible values according to Lithuanian legislation. These chemical properties of multi-crop biomass ash allow them to be used in agriculture for plant fertilization.

Abstract. Currently, there are searches for new and more rational ways to use biological waste for new forms of energy, creating fertilizers, building materials and other products. One kind of this biodegradable waste management is pelleting as the processing of recyclable materials into organic products. In the EU today only 5 % of bio-waste is recycled. According to estimates, if more bio-waste was recycled, it could replace up to 30 % of non-organic fertilizers. Currently, the EU imports around 6 million tons of phosphates a year but could replace up to 30 % of this total by extraction from sewage sludge, biodegradable waste, meat and bone meal or manure. According to the EU legal requirements manure is considered to be waste that the livestock owner has to account for and eliminate using as crop fertilizer and not polluting the environment. Manure compost pelleting can increase the bulk density, improve storability, reduce transportation costs, and make these materials easier to handle using the existing handling and storage equipment. Granulation process parameters and factors affecting the manure-based compost of organic granular fertilizer physical-mechanical properties were investigated. Manure raw material samples were dried naturally till 42 % humidity. Before pelletizing the samples were dried artificially till 28 % humidity. There were prepared 5 experimental manure samples in laboratory conditions and pelletized mixtures of manure waste with molasses and lime sludge add. For pellet production a small capacity 7.5 kW granulator was used, with a horizontal granulator matrix, the diameter of the pellets was 6 mm. During the researches there were estimated various physical -mechanical characteristics: biometric indicators (dimensions, mass), raw material and pellet volume and density, material and pellet humidity, pellet strength.

Recently, centrifugal fertilizer spreaders of various manufacturers are widely used for spreading granular organic fertilizers on the soil surface. In the technical literature or instructions is a lack of recommendations from the manufacturers of fertilizer spreaders how to set the parameters for granulated manure to achieve the required amount of fertilizer dispersion (spread) and the required uniformity of spread. This article analyzes the uniformity of spreading organic granulated manure compost fertilizers in soil by a centrifugal double disc fertilizer spreader. Two types of manure pellets of different geometric characteristics were investigated for real outdoor spreading experiments, and blades of different lengths were chosen. From the analysis of the presented research results, it was determined that the centrifugal fertilizer spreader can be used to disperse (spread) granular cylindrical organic fertilizers. Also, from the obtained results a significant difference was found of spread between the used different diameters and length granules. In this article, it can be said that beside the mentioned and investigated fertilizer spreader parameters for spreading uniformity improvement it needs to take into account unexpected factors of the environment, like the wind direction and strength, pellet size, pellet size distribution, angle of spreading blade, etc.