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Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the computer workstation settings and the prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) related problems in computer users of bank. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among100 computer users of State Bank of Pakistan, Faisalabad and National Bank of Pakistan, Faisalabad from March to December 2017. Inclusion criteria of the study were male and female bank workers, age between 25–60 years who use desktop computers for at least 3 h a day and had at least 6 months working experience. Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) was used to determine prevalence of MSK problems while Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) tool was used to evaluate Computer Work-Station (CWS) ergonomic parameters. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and variant correlation using SPSS version 20. Results The mean CMDQ was higher (43.0 ±33.6) in female than male (16.9±20.8) and there was significant association between gender and total discomfort (P=0.001). The discomfort was higher among females then males. The body parts reported to have the most significant levels of discomfort was the neck and head (mean 3.595±7.49), lower back (2.75±5.39) and right shoulder (mean 2.15±4.32).About 40% subjects suffered from neck pain while the remaining body parts having discomfort were right shoulder (39%), left shoulder (37%), and low back (36%).Almost 90% of the participants had ROSA score greater than 5 that shows that most individuals were at higher risk of ergonomics hazardous. Conclusion The results of the present study demonstrated that MSK discomfort is common among computer users of bank employees and neck, shoulder and lower back region were at greater risk. MSK discomfort was higher in females. Workers are exposed to ergonomic hazards and need immediate improvement.

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Objective: To find out the level of physical activity in elderly population. Methods: a cross- sectional survey was conducted in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The sample size of the study was n=165 elders who fulfill the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Non-probability convenience sampling was used in order to collect data from the respondents. To explore physical activity Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) questionnaire was filled by the respondents. The results of study are presented as frequency, percentages; mean±SD. SPSS ver. 21 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 26(15.76%) elderly population were sedentary, 24(14.55%) were under active-perform light to moderate activities but not every week , 58(35.15%) were under active, 31(18.79%) were also under active and perform moderate physical activities every week, 21(12.73%) were active and perform moderate physical activities>30 minutes/day, 5 or more days a week and only 2(1.21%) were active and perform vigorous physical activities >20 minutes/day, 3 or more days a week. Conclusion: The result indicates that majority of geriatric population was under active. The elderly population who had sedentary lifestyle and who were active had the same prevalence. Keywords: Elderly population, physical activity, sedentary

Objective: This research study aimed to find out the association between physical activity and urinary incontinence in elderly population. Methods: A cross-sectional correlation study design was conducted with n=161 elderly male and female subjects with age ≥ 55 years. Non- probability convenience sampling was used in order to collect data from the respondents. Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) and MESA questionnaire was used to evaluate level of physical activity and presence of urinary incontinence. The association between physical activity and urinary incontinence was measured through Chi-square test. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean±SD age of subjects was 64.03± 9.56 years. Level of physical activity found to be significantly associated with urinary incontinence (p≤0.05). A significant association can be seen in participants who are sedentary (p=0.02), who perform moderate physical activity for 30 minutes/day for 5 days/week (p=0.04) and who perform strength activities (p<0.001). Conclusion: Moderate level of regular physical activity at-least 5 days in week and/or activities to increase muscle strength such as weight lifting, calisthenics once a week or more are prevent urinary incontinence in elderly people. Keywords: elderly, incontinence, physical activity, stress incontinence, urinary incontinence, urge incontinence.