1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives are amongst the family of heterocycles which showed many promising pharmaceutical applications.Extensive literature survey of 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffold revealed the activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-convulsant, anti-diabetic and analgesic properties. 1,2,4-oxadiazole, have shown activity against a variety of diseases like Alzheimer's, parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites, edema, infectious diseases, diabetes, pain and cramp, cardiovascular disease, HIV, tuberculosis, antioxidant, cancer, seizure disorders, and arthritis.As oxadiazoles exhibited many different types of pharmacological activities, we reviewed its pharmacological activities reported by different researchers in the field.In present article we reviewed different articles which has been published in English literature. The search engine used to search for the articles were Scopus, Google scholar, Bentham science, Science direct, Tayler and Francis, Springer nature, Frontiers, and Hindawi. Oxadiazole patent applications have grown by 100% in the previous 9 years, reaching a total of 646, making this a highly sought-after compound in the scientific community. From present review we concluded that Oxadiazoles are potent enough to be developed as potential antidiabetic agents more precisely as DPP-IV inhibitors. We believe that present review can provide insight to the researchers working to develop some novel Oxadiazole derivatives as potential antidiabetic agents.
The development of nanosized drug-carrier systems has been investigated over the past few decades using various techniques. The two main categories of these systems are polymeric nanoparticles and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The toxicological risk associated with lipid nanoparticles is significantly lower than the danger associated with polymeric nanoparticles due to the materials' natural and biological origins. Lipid-based drug delivery systems like Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) are well-established nanotechnology systems for preparing all major pharmaceuticals. These delivery systems can be scaled up with easy manufacturing procedures and are biocompatible. NLCs are the second generation of lipid-based nanocarriers (SLNs), formed by combining solid and liquid biocompatible lipids to form an unstructured matrix that provides high entrapment efficiency of active constituents. LNPs can promote the distribution of active pharmaceutical ingredients to the target site. Increasing the active drug concentration to target organ LNPs enhances the therapeutic effectiveness and reduces the side effects. This paper reviews the structure of SLNs and different NLCs, various steps involved in manufacturing lipid nanoparticles, excipients used in the formulation, and applications for targeted drug delivery.
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are considered second-generation lipid-based pharmaceutical formulations in drug delivery systems. It is a more efficient drug delivery system that includes the development of nano-particulate system and its superiority over the conventional drug delivery system. Among all available nanoparticles, NLC has gained more attention due to its superior characteristics such as lipophilic, biodegradable and biocompatible. This lipid nanoparticulate system is more advantageous over liposomes, microparticles, emulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles. NLCs have emerged as a promising carrier for the delivery of targeted drug substances via oral, parenteral, topical, pulmonary, transdermal and ocular routes. These nanocarriers are utilized for the delivery of both lipophilic as well as hydrophilic drugs. NLCs are composed of a matrix of physiological lipids i.e. solid lipid and liquid lipid, emulsifiers and water. NLCs provide an opportunity for large scale production, ease of preparation with enhanced encapsulation, targeted efficiency and reduced toxic effects. This review is focused on the advantages, limitations, methods of preparation, characterization and applications of NLCs.
Currently, various kinds of research are going in the evolution of the Novel Drug Delivery System. NDDS mainly emphasizes the development of a system with improved sustained, controlled, and targeted drug delivery with minimum toxicity. Proniosomes are dry free-flowing formulation that minimizes the drawbacks associated with liposomes and niosomes. Proniosomes are carrier particles that are water-soluble and covered with a surfactant which upon hydration in a hot aqueous medium with agitation gives niosomal dispersion. Proniosomes derived niosomes are superior substitutes as compared to other vesicular delivery due to preferable physicochemical properties and improved chemical stability. The proniosomes deliver additional convenience of transportation, storage, distribution, and dosing which makes dry niosomes a versatile commercial product. This illustrated review emphasizes the components, method of preparation, factors affecting the formation of proniosomes, characterization, and various routes of administration of proniosomes. This review will help you to explore the efficacy and functionality of proniosomes in different fields for their upcoming supremacy in the field of drug delivery.
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