In the last few years, new emerging technologies to develop novel winemaking methods were reported. Most of them pointed out the need to assess the barrel aging on the wine product, fermentation process, green technologies for wine treatment for long term storage. Among these, plasma technologies at atmospheric pressure are on the way of replacing old and expensive methods for must, wine and yeast treatment, the goal being the long-term storage, aging and even decontamination of such products, and seems to meet the requirements of the winemakers. Using the principles of dielectric barrier discharge, we power up an atmospheric pressure plasma jet in helium. This plasma is used for treatment of fresh must obtained from white grapes. Our research manuscript is focused on the correlation of plasma parameters (applied voltage, plasma power, reactive species, gas temperature) with the physico-chemical properties of white must and wine (1 and 2 years old), via ultraviolet–visible and infrared spectroscopy, and colorimetry. Two types of white must were plasma treated and studied over time. The 10 W plasma source did not exceed 40 °C during treatment, the must did not suffer during thermal treatment. A higher quantity of RONS was observed during plasma-must exposure, supporting further oxidation processes. The UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of phenols, flavones and sugar in the wine samples. Simultaneous visualization of CIE L*a*b* and RGB in color space charts allows easier understanding of wine changing in color parameters. These experimental results supporting the possible usability of atmospheric pressure plasma for winemaking.
In the Mănăila alpine area, the soil layer developed in situ on top of the sericite-schists, which belong to the Tulghes 3 metamorphic unit. The aim of the present work was to determine the degree of soil formation using both mineralogical and geochemical exploration methods. XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDS results showed that the soil constituents were dioctahedral 2:1 minerals, quartz, chlorite, Na-feldspar, rutire and ilmenite. Mainly illite and secondarily mixed-layer minerals were considered to be the most likely minerals resulting from the transformation of sericite and chlorite under acidic alpine conditions. Geochemical modeling inferred the dominance of illite and the presence of smectite as a chlorite alteration product. The weathering indices supported the moderate stage of the soil development agreeing with mineralogical observations. Because of the abundance of sericite and quartz in the parent material, the soil formation was retarded, and its present composition is still related to the bedrocks.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.