Diagnostic and methodological evaluation of studies on the urinary shedding of SARS-CoV-2, compared to stool and serum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Our results confirmed that the presence of the T mutant allele of the 677 polymorphism in the MTHFR gene led to an increased trend in AMH levels. Interestingly, we observed that the numbers of oocytes retrieved decreased in the mutated genotypes. We have not observed this trend in relation to oocyte maturity. The influence of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism on embryo quality and pregnancy rate after ART cycles remains unclear.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as a small RNA and post-transcriptional modulator are shown to have regulatory effects for different cellular activities and pathways, such as metabolism, virus replication and also cell growth. In addition, miRNAs can regulate the replication of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Therefore, the expression profile of miRNAs was evaluated in HBV infected patient groups and healthy controls. The expression levels of following microRNAs (as noninvasive biomarkers) were compared in two experimental (those with various stages of HBV infection) and control groups to evaluate their diagnosis ability: miR-122-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-210-5p, miR-205-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-372-5p, and miR-1-5p. RNA extraction was performed for 45 serum samples. The miRCURY LNA™ Universal RT-miRNA-PCR system and miRNA PCR panels were used for measuring microRNA expression profiles. To normalize quantitative values, the endogenous reference by UniSp6 expression was used.Serum miR-125a-5p and miR-122-5p were significantly higher in patients in different stages of HBV infection (p<0.001) than in controls (p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses suggested that serum miR-125a-5p and miR-122-5p have significant diagnostic value for HBV infection. A significant difference was not found in terms of serum levels of other miRs (miR-199a-3p, miR-210-5p, miR-205-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-372-5p and miR-1-5p). Results suggest that miR-125a-5p and miR-122-5p can be used as possible noninvasive biomarkers for monitoring of HBV infection need to confirm in future completed studies.
Objective:Investigating the infectivity of body fluid can be useful for preventative measures in the community and ensuring safety in the operating rooms and on the laboratory practices.
Methods:We performed a literature search of clinical trials, cohorts, and case series using PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library, and downloadable database of CDC. We excluded case reports and searched all language articles for review and repeated until the final drafting. The search protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database.
Results: Thirty studies with urinary sampling for viral shedding were included. A total number of 1,271 patients were enrolled initially, among which 569 patients had undergone urinary testing. Nine studies observed urinary viral shedding in urine from 41 patients. The total incidence of urinary SARS-CoV-2 shedding was 8%, compared to 21.3% and 39.5 % for blood and stool, respectively. The summarized risk ratio (RR) estimates for urine positive rates compared to the pharyngeal rate was 0.08. The pertaining RR urine compared to blood and stool positive rates were 0.20 and 0.33 respectively.
Conclusions: Our review concludes that not only the SARS-CoV-2 can be excreted in the urine in eight ?percent of patients but also its incidence may have associations with the severity of the ?systemic disease, ICU admission, and fatality rates. Moreover, the findings in our review ?suggest that a larger population size may reveal more positive urinary cases possibly by ?minimizing biases. However, it is important to notice that it is the naso-pharyngeal specimens, ?stool, and serum that show more possibilities to became positive, respectively.
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