: Age-related neurological disorders [ANDs] involve neurodegenerative diseases [NDDs] such as Alzheimer's disease [AD], the most frequent kind of dementia in elderly people, and Parkinson's disease [PD], and also other disorders like epilepsy and migraine. Although ANDs are multifactorial, Aging is a principal risk factor for them. The common and most main pathologic features among ANDs are inflammation, oxidative stress, and misfolded proteins accumulation. Since failing brains caused by ANDs impose a notable burden on public health and their incidence is increasing, a lot of works has been done to overcome them. Garlic, Allium sativum, has been used for different medical purposes globally and more than thousands of publications have reported its health benefits. Garlic and aged garlic extract are considered potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidants agents and can have remarkable neuroprotective effects. This review is aimed to summarize knowledge on the pharmacotherapeutic potential of garlic and its components in ANDs.
Background and aims: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication of malignancy associated with a three-fold increase risk of death. Pregnancy is also a recognized risk factor for VTE, and is associated with a 4-5 fold increase risk compared to non-pregnant women. Considering that any review article has not been published in this field yet and given that complications of VTE can be reduced by early identifying between pregnant women the current systematic review aimed to elucidate the impact of malignancy on the risk of VTE in pregnant females. Methods: We carried out a systematic search in multiple databases, including PubMed (Medline), Google Scholar, and Scopus up to January 2023. Finally, 441 related articles were extracted from the databases, after screening the title, abstract and full text, seven articles were included in the study. Results: Seven studies (6 cohorts and 1 cross-sectional) with an entire of 58,854,195 pregnant females (22,396 cancer patients) were included. These studies were done in the United States of America, Canada, Brazil, and Denmark. All of the studies except one study demonstrated that cancer in pregnant patients increased the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The VTE prevalence was significantly higher in cancer groups compared with the non-cancer group and the highest (adjusted odds ratio) aOR was correlated to myeloid leukemia. Conclusions: Pregnant women with malignancy are more susceptible to VTE and other coagulation disorders. Physicians and health policymakers should be of high vigilance to pregnancy-associated VTE, especially in women suffering from cancer.
Background and aims: Cancer is the cause of many deaths and is the second most prevalent cause of death worldwide. Besides its high mortality, cancer can cause emotional and economic burdens on patients and society. Hypericum is known as herbal medicine that has many species. Its anticancer effects have been proven in various articles. It has many active compounds, including flavonoids, phloroglucinols, and phenylpropanoids. The current review aimed to collect data on the anti-cancer potential of Hypericum on different types of cancer cell lines and their chief mechanisms. Method: A search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar databases to find relevant studies on the anti-cancer potential of Hypericum perforatum and its underlying mechanisms of action in different cancers. The relevant English language articles published up to March 2022 were collected, screened, and reviewed. Results: The anti-cancer effects of Hypericum perforatum were shown against glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, leukemia, and liver, breast, prostate, lung, bladder, colon, skin, and pancreatic cancers. It can induce apoptosis by activating caspase enzymes and inhibit cell growth in different cancer cell lines. Also, the cytotoxic effects of Hypericum perforatum extract on cancer cell lines were shown in in vitro studies. Results: The anti-cancer effects of Hypericum perforatum were shown against glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, leukemia, and liver, breast, prostate, lung, bladder, colon, skin, and pancreatic cancers. It can induce apoptosis by activating caspase enzymes and inhibit cell growth in different cancer cell lines. Also, the cytotoxic effects of Hypericum perforatum extract on cancer cell lines were shown in in vitro studies. Conclusion: Hypericum perforatum can be proposed as a strong herbal remedy for the treatment of cancer since it is an available and cheap treatment for cancer compared to other treatments, but further clinical trial studies should be performed to confirm these properties.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occurs in the lymphatic system because of lymphocytes tumor. This type of tumor has a high death rate among patients. In recent years, a lot of progress has been made based on under-standing its exact biology; several treatment methods have been developed. Many patients are cured by a combination of different chemotherapies, despite their toxic effects. In recent years, despite various studies on monoclonal antibodies for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, there have been no narrative articles in this field. Therefore, combining monoclonal antibodies with chemotherapy is successful as they reduce the toxic side effects of chemotherapies. These antibodies can target specific cellular pathways of the immune system lead-ing to limitation of cancer progression. In this article, various types of monoclonal antibodies, their underly-ing mechanisms of action, as well as their effects on patients with different phases and types of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma have been reviewed for a better understanding.
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