Objective: The present study was undertaken to explore the incidence of congenital foetal anomalies and the advantages of ultrasonography in detecting the foetal anomalies during the antenatal period. Method:We focused our study on 1000 consecutive pregnancies that came for check up in the second and third trimesters, with major or minor clinically relevant malformations which were detectable by ultrasonography. Results:The analysis revealed that they were 38 foetal anomalies in 37 foetuses. One had multiple anomalies, with the highest incidence of neural tube defects. There was also significant correlation with consanguinity. Conclusion:The overall incidence of congenital foetal anomalies in the present study was 3.8%.This might be probably due to environmental pollution, radiation, exposure to different chemicals and teratogenic drugs.
Body stature is usual heights of a person in an upright position. Assessment of body stature has a key importance in the field of anthropometry and forensic discipline research. In this relation, we have derived regression equation formula; to estimate stature from the length of radius bone in south Indian medical student population. This study was conducted in 150 medical college students of Telangana zone of South India. The age group was between18 to 22 years. Each student's height and percutaneous radius length were measured in centimetres with the help of measure scale and spreading calipers; The data was analysed statistical calculation, by using SPSS software version-19. The correlation coefficients for right and left a radius in males are 0.591 and 0.598 whereas in females 0.543 and 0.551 respectively. The variation in mean length of radius in male and female students was statistically significant (P <0.001). The radius will length will assist in better reliability in the evaluation of an individual stature in all the cases of medico-legal anthropometry scenarios.
Background:The identity of the dead and mutilated is an essential part of medico-legal and various social reasons. Stature can be estimated by either anatomical method or mathematical way. Skeletal height is estimated by use of bone length and regression formula. To this purpose, we estimated femur length by measuring intertrochanteric crest to create regression equation in south Indian population. Materials and Methods:The present study comprises of a total 100 ossified dried adult human femurs of both sexes were taken for morphometric measurements, from the collection of the bone bank of Medi Citi Institute of Medical Sciences Anatomy department for 12 months period between June 2008 to June 2009. Femur measurements were taken using Osteometric board and digital Vernier callipers. Inter-trochanteric crest at the upper level of the femur was measured by using sliding digital callipers. The measurements obtained were analysed using SPSS Statistical software for Windows version 13. Metric data were reported as the mean, median and standard deviation. P value of <0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Total 100 dried human femurs were used in the study. The mean value of femoral length and the intertrochanteric crests were 41.66 cm and 5.98 cm respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.64. The value of R-squared was 0.426. From the equation, the values were obtained for 100 randomly selected bones. These were compared with the observed length of those (n=100) and test of significance was done. The difference between the mean of estimated and observed values of the total length was by chance (p-value >0.05) indicating the validity of the regression equation. Conclusion:This study showed the development of specific osteometric standards for stature determination from the femur of recent South Indian population with satisfactory accuracy. Hence this study concludes femur inter trochanteric crest length can be used as better alternative variable for estimating body stature length using regression formulae.
Background:The fetal life is a critical period in female fertility in which the germ cells complete proliferation, initiate meiosis and eventually form the life time reserve of primordial follicles. The age associated alteration in the ovaries being development, differentiation, follicular growth and stroma are indicators of reproductive capability. The present study was planned to study the gross and histological structure of human fetal ovary at different weeks of gestation.Materials and Methods: A total of twenty six human female fetuses of different age from 18 th to 36 th gestational week were used for the present study. The fetuses were dissected and the ovaries were removed along with the uterus. The ovaries separated from uterus, weighed, the length and breadth of the ovaries were measured with graph paper. The ovaries were processed for histological studies by fixing, embedding, section cutting, staining by standard methods. The ovarian sections were observed for lining epithelium, ovagirous cords, cortico-medullary differentiation and different stages of follicles by observing their structural architecture.Results: At the 18 th week of gestation the microscopic structure of fetal ovary showed capsule, numerous ovigerous cords and oogonia. At the 20 th week of gestation presence of primordial follicles were observed. At the 24 th week of gestation cortico-medullary differentiation was started. At the 26 th week of gestation primary follicles were clearly seen and the cortico-medullary differentiation was visible. At the 28 th week of gestation many primordial and primary follicles were seen near cortico-medullary junction. At the 30 th week of gestation cortico-medullary differentiation was clearly visible. At the 32 nd week of gestation the multilayered (secondary) follicles started appearing. At the 34 th week of gestation the antral follicles started appearing. At the 36 th week of gestation few pre-antral and 1 to 2 antral follicles were found at cortico-medullary junction. Conclusion:The present study concludes the presence of capsule at 18 th week, primordial folliclesat 20 th week, at 26 th week primary follicles, at 32 nd week secondary follicles and at 34 th week antral follicles.
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